Vitamin B12 - Methylcobalamin

Chemical Name

C63H88CoN14O14P 

Immune support

Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of immune system. Methionine synthase, which uses methylcobalamin as a cofactor, is essential for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines in all cells, including fast-dividing immune cells. Methylcobalamin form of vitamin B12 may also serve as an effective inhibitor of certain viruses.

Other uses

A rare inherited condition marked by vitamin B12 deficiency (Imerslund-Grasbeck disease). Injecting vitamin B12 as a shot for 10 days followed by monthly injections for the remainder of life is effective for treating people with an inherited disease that results in poor absorption of vitamin B12.
Vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 can treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. It can be taken by mouth, as a shot, or through the nose. The shot works best in people with severe vitamin B12 deficiency or associated nerve damage.
Cyanide poisoning. Administering hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit), a natural form of vitamin B12, as a shot for a total dose of up to 10 grams is likely an effective treatment for cyanide poisoning. Treatment of cyanide poising with hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
High levels of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia). Taking vitamin B12 by mouth, along with folic acid and sometimes pyridoxine (vitamin B6), can lower blood levels of homocysteine.

An eye disease that leads to vision loss in older adults (age-related macular degeneration or AMD). Some research shows that taking vitamin B12 with other B vitamins, including folic acid and vitamin B6, might help prevent an eye disease called age-related macular degeneration. But the effects of vitamin B12 alone on AMD are not clear.
Canker sores. Using an ointment containing vitamin B12 helps to reduce pain of canker sores. Also, early research shows that taking vitamin B12 1000 mcg under the tongue (sublingually) might help to reduce the number of canker sore outbreaks, the duration of outbreaks, and pain caused by the canker sores.
Nerve pain caused by shingles (postherpetic neuralgia). Some research shows that injecting vitamin B12 in the form of methylcobalamin under the skin six times weekly for up to 4 weeks reduces pain more than taking vitamin B12 by mouth or injecting lidocaine under the skin in people with nerve damage from shingles. Other research shows that it reduces pain and the need for painkillers. Adding thiamine or lidocaine to the treatment also seems to reduce itching.

How it works

Vitamin B12 is required for the proper function and development of the brain, nerves, blood cells, and many other parts of the body.

Safety

When taken by mouth: Vitamin B12 is LIKELY SAFE for most people. Vitamin B12 is considered safe, even in large doses.


When applied to the skin: Vitamin B12 is LIKELY SAFE for most people when used appropriately.


When sprayed into the nose: Vitamin B12 is LIKELY SAFE for most people. Vitamin B12 is considered safe, even in large doses.


When given by IV: Vitamin B12 is LIKELY SAFE for most people. Vitamin B12 is considered safe, even in large doses.


When given as a shot: Vitamin B12 is LIKELY SAFE for most people. Vitamin B12 is considered safe, even in large doses.


Special Precautions & Warnings:


Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Vitamin B12 is LIKELY SAFE for pregnant or breast-feeding women when taken by mouth in the amounts recommended. The recommended amount for pregnant women is 2.6 mcg per day. Breast-feeding women should take no more than 2.8 mcg per day. Don't take larger amounts. The safety of larger amounts is unknown.


Post-surgical stent placement: Avoid using a combination of vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin B6 after receiving a coronary stent. This combination may increase the risk of blood vessel narrowing.


Allergy or sensitivity to cobalt or cobalamin: Do not use vitamin B12 if you have this condition.


Leber disease: Do not take vitamin B12 if you have this hereditary eye disease. It can seriously harm the optic nerve, which might lead to blindness.


Abnormal red blood cells (megaloblastic anemia): Megaloblastic anemia is sometimes corrected by treatment with vitamin B12. However, this can have very serious side effects. Don't attempt vitamin B12 therapy without close supervision by your healthcare provider.


High numbers of red blood cells (polycythemia vera): The treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency can unmask the symptoms of polycythemia vera.

Interactions with medications

Chloramphenicol

Interaction Rating = Major Do not take this combination.

Vitamin B12 is important for producing new blood cells. Chloramphenicol might decrease new blood cells. Taking chloramphenicol for a long time might decrease the effects of vitamin B12 on new blood cells. But most people only take chloramphenicol for a short time, so this interaction isn't a big problem.


Interactions with Herbs, Supplements, and Foods

Folic acid

Folic acid, particularly in large doses, can cover up vitamin B12 deficiency, and cause serious health effects. Be sure that your healthcare provider checks your vitamin B12 levels before you start taking folic acid.


Potassium

Potassium supplements can reduce absorption of vitamin B12 in some people and might contribute to vitamin B12 deficiency.


Vitamin C

Early research suggests that vitamin C supplements can destroy dietary vitamin B12. It isn't known whether this interaction is important, but to stay on the safe side, take vitamin C supplements at least 2 hours after meals.


Alcohol (Ethanol)

Heavy drinking for at least a two-week period can decrease vitamin B12 absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

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