Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

Source

The type of vitamin A used at Mymmunity is the highest quality Retinyl Palmitate which unlike Beta Carotene doesn’t require conversion in your body to form Vitamin A

Chemical Name

3-Dehydroretinol

Immune support

Vitamin A is important for immune function. Retinoic acid is required in maintaining sufficient levels of natural killer cells, and preliminary evidence suggests that retinoic acid might increase the production of cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1). Additionally, B lymphocyte growth, differentiation, and activation are dependent on retinol. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased risk of infectious morbidity and mortality. Some research has linked retinol deficiency to development of cervical neoplasms in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Vitamin A deficiency seems to adversely affect fetal immune status. Maternal-fetal transmission of HIV is higher in the presence of low vitamin A status. However, vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy does not appear to affect the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in mothers positive for HIV not currently on anti-retroviral therapy. Other research shows that supplementing pregnant women with vitamin A 10,000 IU daily, starting prior to the administration of the H1N1 influenza vaccination and continuing for 6 months postpartum, increases H1N1 immunity titers in mothers, but not in their infants.

Other uses

Breast cancer. Premenopausal women with a family history of breast cancer who consume high levels of vitamin A in their diet seem to have lower risk of breast cancer. It is not known if taking vitamin A supplements has the same benefit.
Cataracts. People who consume high amounts of vitamin A in their diet seem to have a lower risk of developing cataracts.
Measles. Taking vitamin A by mouth seems to reduce the risk of measles complications or death in children with measles and vitamin A deficiency.
Ability to see in low-light conditions. Taking vitamin A during pregnancy seems to reduce night blindness by 37% in malnourished women. Vitamin A might work better for this condition when taken with zinc.
White patches inside the mouth that are usually caused by smoking (oral leukoplakia). Research shows that taking vitamin A can help treat precancerous lesions in the mouth.
Death from any cause. Most experts agree that high-dose vitamin A supplementation reduces the risk of death in children 6-59 months of age who are at risk for vitamin A deficiency. Taking vitamin A does not seem to reduce the risk of death in healthy adults.
Complications after childbirth. Taking vitamin A, during, and after pregancy reduces diarrhea after giving birth in malnourished women. Taking vitamin A before and during pregnancy also seems to reduce the risk of death by 40% in malnourished women.
An inherited eye condition that causes poor night vision and loss of side vision (retinitis pigmentosa). Taking vitamin A can slow the progression of an eye disease that causes damage to the retina.
A type of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis). Some research shows that taking vitamin A daily for 2 months can reduce symptoms and help the intestine to heal in adults with ulcerative colitis.

How it works

Vitamin A is required for the proper development and functioning of our eyes, skin, immune system, and many other parts of our bodies.

Safety

When taken by mouth: Vitamin A is LIKELY SAFE for most people in amounts less than 10,000 units (3,000 mcg) daily. Keep in mind that vitamin A is available in two different forms: pre-formed vitamin A and provitamin A. The maximum daily dose of 10,000 units per day relates to only pre-formed vitamin A. Some supplements contain vitamin A in both pre-formed and provitamin A forms. For these supplements, the amount of pre-formed vitamin A should be used to determine if the amount of vitamin A is safe. In some cases, a vitamin A supplement with vitamin A in amounts greater than 10,000 units may still be safe if a portion of the vitamin A is the provitamin A form. For instance, a supplement containing 23,000 units of vitamin A, of which 60% is the provitamin A form, would still be safe. This is because only 40% of the vitamin A content, or 9,200 units, is pre-formed Vitamin A.

Vitamin A is POSSBILY UNSAFE when taken by mouth in doses greater than 10,000 units (3,000 mcg) daily. Some research suggests that higher doses might increase the risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture, particularly in older people. Adults who eat low-fat dairy products, which are fortified with vitamin A, and a lot of fruits and vegetables usually do not need vitamin A supplements or multivitamins that contain vitamin A.

Long-term use of large amounts of vitamin A might cause serious side effects including fatigue, irritability, mental changes, anorexia, stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, mild fever, excessive sweating, and many other side effects. In women who have passed menopause, taking too much vitamin A can increase the risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture.

There is also growing concern that taking high doses of antioxidant supplements such as vitamin A might do more harm than good. Some research shows that taking high doses of vitamin A supplements might increase the chance of death from all causes and possibly other serious side effects.

When applied to the skin: There isn't enough reliable information available to know if vitamin A is safe or what the side effects might be.

When given as a shot: Vitamin A is LIKELY SAFE when given as a shot into the muscle in amounts less than 10,000 units (3,000 mcg) daily.

Special Precautions & Warnings:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Vitamin A is LIKELY SAFE for pregnant or breast-feeding women when taken in recommended amounts of less than 10,000 units (3,000 mcg) of pre-formed vitamin A per day. Larger amounts are POSSIBLY UNSAFE. Vitamin A can cause birth defects. It is especially important for pregnant women to monitor their intake of vitamin A from all sources during the first three months of pregnancy. Forms of vitamin A are found in several foods including animal products, primarily liver, some fortified breakfast cereals, and dietary supplements.

Children: Vitamin A is LIKELY SAFE for children when taken in the recommended amounts. The maximum amounts of vitamin A that are safe for children are based on age:

Less than 2000 units (600 mcg)/day in children up to 3 years old.

Less than 3000 units (900 mcg)/day in children ages 4 to 8 years old.

Less than 5667 units (1700 mcg)/day in children ages 9 to 13 years old.

Less than 9333 units (2800 mcg)/day in children ages 14 to 18 years old.

Vitamin A is POSSIBLY UNSAFE for children when taken by mouth in high doses. When amounts greater than those recommended are taken, side effects can include irritability, sleepiness, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of consciousness, headache, vision problems, peeling skin, increased risk of pneumonia and diarrhea, and other problems.

Excessive use of alcohol: Drinking alcohol may increase vitamin A's potentially harmful effects on the liver.

Disorders in which the body does not absorb fat properly: People with conditions that affect fat absorption, such as celiac disease, short gut syndrome, jaundice, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic disease, and cirrhosis of the liver, are not able to absorb vitamin A properly. To improve vitamin A absorption, these people should use vitamin A preparations that are water-soluble.

A type of high cholesterol called "Type V hyperlipoproteinemia": This condition might increase the chance of vitamin A poisoning. Do not take vitamin A if you have this condition.

Intestinal infections: Intestinal infections such as hookworm can reduce how much vitamin A the body absorbs.

Iron deficiency: Iron deficiency might affect the body's ability to breakdown and use vitamin A.

Liver disease: Too much vitamin A might make liver disease worse. Do not take vitamin A if you have liver disease.

Malnutrition: In people with severe protein malnutrition, taking vitamin A might result in having too much vitamin A in the body.

Zinc deficiency: Zinc deficiency might cause symptoms of vitamin A deficiency to occur. Taking a combination of vitamin A and zinc supplements might be necessary to improve this condition.

Interactions with medications

Antibiotics (Tetracycline antibiotics)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Vitamin A can interact with some antibiotics. Taking very large amounts of vitamin A along with some antibiotics can increase the chance of a serious side effect called intracranial hypertension. However, taking normal doses of vitamin A along with tetracyclines does not seem to cause this problem. Do not take large amounts of vitamin A if you are taking antibiotics.

Some of these antibiotics include demeclocycline (Declomycin), minocycline (Minocin), and tetracycline (Achromycin).

Medications for skin conditions (Retinoids)

Interaction Rating = Major Do not take this combination.

Some medications for skin conditions have vitamin A effects. Taking vitamin A pills and these medications for skin conditions could cause too much vitamin A effects and side effects.

Medications that can harm the liver (Hepatotoxic drugs)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Taking large amounts of vitamin A might harm the liver. Taking large amounts of vitamin A along with medications that might also harm the liver can increase the risk of liver damage. Do not take large amounts of vitamin A if you are taking a medication that can harm the liver.

Some medications that can harm the liver include acetaminophen (Tylenol and others), amiodarone (Cordarone), carbamazepine (Tegretol), isoniazid (INH), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), methyldopa (Aldomet), fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), erythromycin (Erythrocin, Ilosone, others), phenytoin (Dilantin), lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor), and many others.

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Warfarin (Coumadin) is used to slow blood clotting. Large amounts of vitamin A can also slow blood clotting. Taking vitamin A along with warfarin (Coumadin) can increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. The dose of your warfarin (Coumadin) might need to be changed.

Interactions with Herbs, Supplements, and Foods

Herbs and supplements that might lower blood pressure

Quercetin can slightly lower blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. Taking quercetin along with other herbs and supplements that lower blood pressure might cause your blood pressure to go too low.Other herbs and supplements that can lower blood pressure include andrographis, casein peptides, cat's claw, coenzyme Q-10, fish oil, L-arginine, lyceum, stinging nettle, theanine, and others.

Herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar

Quercetin might lower blood sugar in people with diabetes. Taking quercetin along with other herbs and supplements that can lower blood sugar might cause your blood sugar to go too low.Other herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar include agaricus mushroom, devil's claw, fenugreek, guar gum, Panax ginseng, Siberian ginseng, and others.

Interactions with Foods

Iron

Red blood cells need iron to make hemoglobin, the chemical that carries oxygen through the body. Taking vitamin A seems to improve hemoglobin levels in people who have low levels of iron and vitamin A.

Fats and fat-containing foods

Eating fatty foods helps the body absorb vitamin A.

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Danno, K. and Sugie, N. Combination therapy with low-dose etretinate and eicosapentaenoic acid for psoriasis vulgaris. J Dermatol. 1998;25(11):703-705.

71501

Munoz, N., Wahrendorf, J., Bang, L. J., Crespi, M., Thurnham, D. I., Day, N. E., Ji, Z. H., Grassi, A., Yan, L. W., Lin, L. G., and . No effect of riboflavine, retinol, and zinc on prevalence of precancerous lesions of oesophagus. Randomised double-blind intervention study in high-risk population of China. Lancet 7-20-1985;2(8447):111-114.

74333

Allsup, S. J., Shenkin, A., Gosney, M. A., Taylor, S., Taylor, W., Hammond, M., and Zambon, M. C. Can a short period of micronutrient supplementation in older institutionalized people improve response to influenza vaccine? A randomized, controlled trial. J Am.Geriatr.Soc. 2004;52(1):20-24.

74377

Groenbaek, K., Friis, H., Hansen, M., Ring-Larsen, H., and Krarup, H. B. The effect of antioxidant supplementation on hepatitis C viral load, transaminases and oxidative status: a randomized trial among chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18(9):985-989.

74449

Hill, J. and Bird, H. A. Failure of selenium-ace to improve osteoarthritis. Br.J Rheumatol. 1990;29(3):211-213.

74479

Van, Gossum A. and Neve, J. Low selenium status in alcoholic cirrhosis is correlated with aminopyrine breath test. Preliminary effects of selenium supplementation. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 1995;47(1-3):201-207.

82188

Rice, A. L., Stoltzfus, R. J., de, Francisco A., Chakraborty, J., Kjolhede, C. L., and Wahed, M. A. Maternal vitamin A or beta-carotene supplementation in lactating bangladeshi women benefits mothers and infants but does not prevent subclinical deficiency. J Nutr 1999;129(2):356-365.

82189

Kolsteren, P., Rahman, S. R., Hilderbrand, K., and Diniz, A. Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia with a combined supplementation of iron, vitamin A and zinc in women of Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Eur.J Clin.Nutr 1999;53(2):102-106.

82190

Kawasaki, Y., Hosoya, M., Katayose, M., and Suzuki, H. [The efficacy of oral vitamin A supplementation for measles and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1999;73(2):104-109.

82191

Cartmel, B., Moon, T. E., and Levine, N. Effects of long-term intake of retinol on selected clinical and laboratory indexes. Am J Clin.Nutr 1999;69(5):937-943.

82193

Mannisto, S., Pietinen, P., Virtanen, M., Kataja, V., and Uusitupa, M. Diet and the risk of breast cancer in a case-control study: does the threat of disease have an influence on recall bias? J Clin.Epidemiol 1999;52(5):429-439.

82194

Smith, J. C., Makdani, D., Hegar, A., Rao, D., and Douglass, L. W. Vitamin A and zinc supplementation of preschool children. J Am.Coll.Nutr 1999;18(3):213-222.

82195

Tyson, J. E., Wright, L. L., Oh, W., Kennedy, K. A., Mele, L., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Stoll, B. J., Lemons, J. A., Stevenson, D. K., Bauer, C. R., Korones, S. B., and Fanaroff, A. A. Vitamin A supplementation for extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. N Engl.J Med 6-24-1999;340(25):1962-1968.

82197

Sempertegui, F., Estrella, B., Camaniero, V., Betancourt, V., Izurieta, R., Ortiz, W., Fiallo, E., Troya, S., Rodriguez, A., and Griffiths, J. K. The beneficial effects of weekly low-dose vitamin A supplementation on acute lower respiratory infections and diarrhea in Ecuadorian children. Pediatrics 1999;104(1):e1.

82198

Potischman, N., Swanson, C. A., Coates, R. J., Gammon, M. D., Brogan, D. R., Curtin, J., and Brinton, L. A. Intake of food groups and associated micronutrients in relation to risk of early-stage breast cancer. Int J Cancer 7-30-1999;82(3):315-321.

82199

Acosta, C. J., Galindo, C. M., Schellenberg, D., Aponte, J. J., Kahigwa, E., Urassa, H., Schellenberg, J. R., Masanja, H., Hayes, R., Kitua, A. Y., Lwilla, F., Mshinda, H., Menendez, C., Tanner, M., and Alonso, P. L. Evaluation of the SPf66 vaccine for malaria control when delivered through the EPI scheme in Tanzania. Trop.Med Int Health 1999;4(5):368-376.

82200

Bohlke, K., Spiegelman, D., Trichopoulou, A., Katsouyanni, K., and Trichopoulos, D. Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece. Br.J Cancer 1999;79(1):23-29.

82202

Coutsoudis, A., Pillay, K., Spooner, E., Kuhn, L., and Coovadia, H. M. Randomized trial testing the effect of vitamin A supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and early mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Durban, South Africa. South African Vitamin A Study Group. AIDS 8-20-1999;13(12):1517-1524.

82203

Epstein, J. B. and Gorsky, M. Topical application of vitamin A to oral leukoplakia: A clinical case series. Cancer 9-15-1999;86(6):921-927.

82204

Look, M. P., Gerard, A., Rao, G. S., Sudhop, T., Fischer, H. P., Sauerbruch, T., and Spengler, U. Interferon/antioxidant combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C--a controlled pilot trial. Antiviral Res 1999;43(2):113-122.

82205

Matthay, K. K., Villablanca, J. G., Seeger, R. C., Stram, D. O., Harris, R. E., Ramsay, N. K., Swift, P., Shimada, H., Black, C. T., Brodeur, G. M., Gerbing, R. B., and Reynolds, C. P. Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. Children's Cancer Group. N.Engl.J Med. 10-14-1999;341(16):1165-1173.

82206

Hercberg, S., Preziosi, P., Galan, P., Faure, H., Arnaud, J., Duport, N., Malvy, D., Roussel, A. M., Briancon, S., and Favier, A. "The SU.VI.MAX Study": a primary prevention trial using nutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in cardiovascular diseases and cancers. SUpplementation on VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants. Food Chem.Toxicol. 1999;37(9-10):925-930.

82207

Niu, C., Yan, H., Yu, T., Sun, H. P., Liu, J. X., Li, X. S., Wu, W., Zhang, F. Q., Chen, Y., Zhou, L., Li, J. M., Zeng, X. Y., Yang, R. R., Yuan, M. M., Ren, M. Y., Gu, F. Y., Cao, Q., Gu, B. W., Su, X. Y., Chen, G. Q., Xiong, S. M., Zhang, T. D., Waxman, S., Wang, Z. Y., Chen, Z., Hu, J., Shen, Z. X., and Chen, S. J. Studies on treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide: remission induction, follow-up, and molecular monitoring in 11 newly diagnosed and 47 relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients. Blood 11-15-1999;94(10):3315-3324.

82208

Ideo, G., Bellobuono, A., Tempini, S., Mondazzi, L., Airoldi, A., Benetti, G., Bissoli, F., Cestari, C., Colombo, E., Del, Poggio P., Fracassetti, O., Lazzaroni, S., Marelli, A., Paris, B., Prada, A., Rainer, E., and Roffi, L. Antioxidant drugs combined with alpha-interferon in chronic hepatitis C not responsive to alpha-interferon alone: a randomized, multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;11(11):1203-1207.

82209

Giannetti, A., Coppini, M., Bertazzoni, M. G., Califano, A., Altieri, E., Pazzaglia, A., Lega, M., Lombardo, M., Pelfini, C., Veller, Fornasa C., Rabbiosi, G., and Cespa, M. Clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral etretinate with calcipotriol cream compared with etretinate alone in moderate-severe psoriasis. J Eur.Acad.Dermatol.Venereol. 1999;13(2):91-95.

82210

Piattelli, A., Fioroni, M., Santinelli, A., and Rubini, C. bcl-2 expression and apoptotic bodies in 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin)-topically treated oral leukoplakia: a pilot study. Oral Oncol. 1999;35(3):314-320.

82211

Julien, M. R., Gomes, A., Varandas, L., Rodrigues, P., Malveiro, F., Aguiar, P., Kolsteren, P., Stuyft, P., Hildebrand, K., Labadarios, D., and Ferrinho, P. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of vitamin A in Mozambican children hospitalized with nonmeasles acute lower respiratory tract infections. Trop.Med Int Health 1999;4(12):794-800.

82212

Tete, S., Pappalardo, S., Rubini, C., Salini, L., Falco, A., and Perfetti, E. G. The role of apoptosis and bcl-2 protein in topical treatment of oral leukoplakia with isotretinoin. Minerva Stomatol. 1999;48(9):411-418.

82213

Hadi, H., Stoltzfus, R. J., Dibley, M. J., Moulton, L. H., West, K. P., Jr., Kjolhede, C. L., and Sadjimin, T. Vitamin A supplementation selectively improves the linear growth of indonesian preschool children: results from a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(2):507-513.

82214

Nduati, R., John, G., Mbori-Ngacha, D., Richardson, B., Overbaugh, J., Mwatha, A., Ndinya-Achola, J., Bwayo, J., Onyango, F. E., Hughes, J., and Kreiss, J. Effect of breastfeeding and formula feeding on transmission of HIV-1: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 3-1-2000;283(9):1167-1174.

82215

Hanekom, W. A., Yogev, R., Heald, L. M., Edwards, K. M., Hussey, G. D., and Chadwick, E. G. Effect of vitamin A therapy on serologic responses and viral load changes after influenza vaccination in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Pediatr 2000;136(4):550-552.

82216

Walmsley, S., Northfelt, D. W., Melosky, B., Conant, M., Friedman-Kien, A. E., and Wagner, B. Treatment of AIDS-related cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma with topical alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) gel. Panretin Gel North American Study Group. J Acquir.Immune.Defic.Syndr. 11-1-1999;22(3):235-246.

82218

Ruotsalainen, T., Halme, M., Isokangas, O. P., Pyrhonen, S., Mantyla, M., Pekonen, M., Sarna, S., Joensuu, H., and Mattson, K. Interferon-alpha and 13-cis-retinoic acid as maintenance therapy after high-dose combination chemotherapy with growth factor support for small cell lung cancer--a feasibility study. Anticancer Drugs 2000;11(2):101-108.

82219

Darlow, B. A. and Graham, P. J. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000501.

82221

van, Woensel J. and Kimpen, J. Therapy for respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Eur J Pediatr 2000;159(6):391-398.

82222

Kennedy, C. M., Coutsoudis, A., Kuhn, L., Pillay, K., Mburu, A., Stein, Z., and Coovadia, H. Randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of vitamin A supplementation on maternal morbidity during pregnancy and postpartum among HIV-infected women. J Acquir.Immune.Defic.Syndr. 5-1-2000;24(1):37-44.

82224

Humphrey, J. H. and Rice, A. L. Vitamin A supplementation of young infants. Lancet 7-29-2000;356(9227):422-424.

82225

Coutsoudis, A., Adhikari, M., Pillay, K., Kuhn, L., and Coovadia, H. M. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity of low-birth-weight neonates. S Afr Med J 2000;90(7):730-736.

82226

Sefton, J., Kligman, A. M., Kopper, S. C., Lue, J. C., and Gibson, J. R. Photodamage pilot study: a double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of tazarotene 0.1% gel. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43(4):656-663.

82227

Kohler, J. A., Imeson, J., Ellershaw, C., and Lie, S. O. A randomized trial of 13-Cis retinoic acid in children with advanced neuroblastoma after high-dose therapy. Br.J Cancer 2000;83(9):1124-1127.

82228

Fawzi, W. W., Mbise, R., Spiegelman, D., Fataki, M., Hertzmark, E., and Ndossi, G. Vitamin A supplements and diarrheal and respiratory tract infections among children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. J Pediatr 2000;137(5):660-667.

82229

Vinutha, B., Mehta, M. N., and Shanbag, P. Vitamin a status of pregnant women and effect of post partum vitamin a supplementation. Indian Pediatr 2000;37(11):1188-1193.

82231

Wardle, S. P., Hughes, A., Chen, S., and Shaw, N. J. Randomised controlled trial of oral vitamin A supplementation in preterm infants to prevent chronic lung disease. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001;84(1):F9-F13.

82232

Coles, C. L., Rahmathullah, L., Kanungo, R., Thulasiraj, R. D., Katz, J., Santhosham, M., and Tielsch, J. M. Vitamin A supplementation at birth delays pneumococcal colonization in South Indian infants. J Nutr 2001;131(2):255-261.

82234

Andreone, P., Fiorino, S., Cursaro, C., Gramenzi, A., Margotti, M., Di, Giammarino L., Biselli, M., Miniero, R., Gasbarrini, G., and Bernardi, M. Vitamin E as treatment for chronic hepatitis B: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Antiviral Res 2001;49(2):75-81.

82236

Muslimatun, S., Schmidt, M. K., Schultink, W., West, C. E., Hautvast, J. A., Gross, R., and Muhilal. Weekly supplementation with iron and vitamin A during pregnancy increases hemoglobin concentration but decreases serum ferritin concentration in Indonesian pregnant women. J Nutr 2001;131(1):85-90.

82237

Lippman, S. M., Lee, J. J., Karp, D. D., Vokes, E. E., Benner, S. E., Goodman, G. E., Khuri, F. R., Marks, R., Winn, R. J., Fry, W., Graziano, S. L., Gandara, D. R., Okawara, G., Woodhouse, C. L., Williams, B., Perez, C., Kim, H. W., Lotan, R., Roth, J. A., and Hong, W. K. Randomized phase III intergroup trial of isotretinoin to prevent second primary tumors in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 4-18-2001;93(8):605-618.

82238

Piraccini, B. M., Tosti, A., Iorizzo, M., and Misciali, C. Pustular psoriasis of the nails: treatment and long-term follow-up of 46 patients. Br.J Dermatol. 2001;144(5):1000-1005.

82239

Schellenberg, D., Menendez, C., Kahigwa, E., Aponte, J., Vidal, J., Tanner, M., Mshinda, H., and Alonso, P. Intermittent treatment for malaria and anaemia control at time of routine vaccinations in Tanzanian infants: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 5-12-2001;357(9267):1471-1477.

82240

Moorman, P. G., Ricciuti, M. F., Millikan, R. C., and Newman, B. Vitamin supplement use and breast cancer in a North Carolina population. Public Health Nutr 2001;4(3):821-827.

82241

Gaeta, G. M., Gombos, F., Femiano, F., Battista, C., Minghetti, P., Montanari, L., Satriano, R. A., and Argenziano, G. Acitretin and treatment of the oral leucoplakias. A model to have an active molecules release. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2000;14(6):473-478.

82243

Lehtovaara, P. and Ellfolk, N. Purification and properties of Phaseolus vulgaris leghemoglobin (PhLb). Acta Chem Scand.B 1975;29(1):56-60.

82244

Rahman, M. M., Vermund, S. H., Wahed, M. A., Fuchs, G. J., Baqui, A. H., and Alvarez, J. O. Simultaneous zinc and vitamin A supplementation in Bangladeshi children: randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 8-11-2001;323(7308):314-318.

82246

Bhandari, N., Bahl, R., and Taneja, S. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on linear growth of children. Br.J Nutr. 2001;85 Suppl 2:S131-S137.

82247

Nyirady, J., Bergfeld, W., Ellis, C., Levine, N., Savin, R., Shavin, J., Voorhees, J. J., Weiss, J., and Grossman, R. Tretinoin cream 0.02% for the treatment of photodamaged facial skin: a review of 2 double-blind clinical studies. Cutis 2001;68(2):135-142.

82248

Semba, R. D., Munasir, Z., Akib, A., Melikian, G., Permaesih, D., Muherdiyantiningsih, Marituti, S., and Muhilal. Integration of vitamin A supplementation with the Expanded Programme on Immunization: lack of impact on morbidity or infant growth. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90(10):1107-1111.

82250

Ettler, K. and Richards, B. Acitretin therapy for palmoplantar pustulosis combined with UVA and topical 8-MOP. Int J Dermatol. 2001;40(8):541-542.

82251

Bodsworth, N. J., Bloch, M., Bower, M., Donnell, D., and Yocum, R. Phase III vehicle-controlled, multi-centered study of topical alitretinoin gel 0.1% in cutaneous AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2(2):77-87.

82252

Kang, S., Leyden, J. J., Lowe, N. J., Ortonne, J. P., Phillips, T. J., Weinstein, G. D., Bhawan, J., Lew-Kaya, D. A., Matsumoto, R. M., Sefton, J., Walker, P. S., and Gibson, J. R. Tazarotene cream for the treatment of facial photodamage: a multicenter, investigator-masked, randomized, vehicle-controlled, parallel comparison of 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% tazarotene creams with 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream applied once daily for 24 weeks. Arch Dermatol 2001;137(12):1597-1604.

82253

Schmidt, M. K., Muslimatun, S., West, C. E., Schultink, W., and Hautvast, J. G. Vitamin A and iron supplementation of Indonesian pregnant women benefits vitamin A status of their infants. Br J Nutr 2001;86(5):607-615.

82254

Rahman, M. M., Tofail, F., Wahed, M. A., Fuchs, G. J., Baqui, A. H., and Alvarez, J. O. Short-term supplementation with zinc and vitamin A has no significant effect on the growth of undernourished Bangladeshi children. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75(1):87-91.

82255

Villamor, E., Mbise, R., Spiegelman, D., Hertzmark, E., Fataki, M., Peterson, K. E., Ndossi, G., and Fawzi, W. W. Vitamin A supplements ameliorate the adverse effect of HIV-1, malaria, and diarrheal infections on child growth. Pediatrics 2002;109(1):E6.

82256

Millikan, L. E. Pivotal clinical trials of adapalene in the treatment of acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001;15 Suppl 3:19-22.

82257

Thiboutot, D., Gold, M. H., Jarratt, M. T., Kang, S., Kaplan, D. L., Millikan, L., Wolfe, J., Loesche, C., and Baker, M. Randomized controlled trial of the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Cutis 2001;68(4 Suppl):10-19.

82258

Karyadi, E., West, C. E., Schultink, W., Nelwan, R. H., Gross, R., Amin, Z., Dolmans, W. M., Schlebusch, H., and van der Meer, J. W. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vitamin A and zinc supplementation in persons with tuberculosis in Indonesia: effects on clinical response and nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75(4):720-727.

82259

Genton, B., Betuela, I., Felger, I., Al-Yaman, F., Anders, R. F., Saul, A., Rare, L., Baisor, M., Lorry, K., Brown, G. V., Pye, D., Irving, D. O., Smith, T. A., Beck, H. P., and Alpers, M. P. A recombinant blood-stage malaria vaccine reduces Plasmodium falciparum density and exerts selective pressure on parasite populations in a phase 1-2b trial in Papua New Guinea. J Infect.Dis 3-15-2002;185(6):820-827.

82260

Baeten, J. M., McClelland, R. S., Overbaugh, J., Richardson, B. A., Emery, S., Lavreys, L., Mandaliya, K., Bankson, D. D., Ndinya-Achola, J. O., Bwayo, J. J., and Kreiss, J. K. Vitamin A supplementation and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 shedding in women: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Infect.Dis 4-15-2002;185(8):1187-1191.

82261

Schmidt, M. K., Muslimatun, S., Schultink, W., West, C. E., and Hautvast, J. G. Randomised double-blind trial of the effect of vitamin A supplementation of Indonesian pregnant women on morbidity and growth of their infants during the first year of life. Eur.J Clin.Nutr 2002;56(4):338-346.

82262

D'Souza, R. M. and D'Souza, R. Vitamin A for preventing secondary infections in children with measles--a systematic review. J Trop.Pediatr 2002;48(2):72-77.

82266

Tanumihardjo, S. A. Vitamin A and iron status are improved by vitamin A and iron supplementation in pregnant Indonesian women. J Nutr 2002;132(7):1909-1912.

82267

MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 7-6-2002;360(9326):7-22.

82268

Radhika, M. S., Bhaskaram, P., Balakrishna, N., Ramalakshmi, B. A., Devi, S., and Kumar, B. S. Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health. BJOG. 2002;109(6):689-693.

82269

Shey, W. I., Brocklehurst, P., and Sterne, J. A. Vitamin A supplementation for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(3):CD003648.

82270

Kumwenda, N., Miotti, P. G., Taha, T. E., Broadhead, R., Biggar, R. J., Jackson, J. B., Melikian, G., and Semba, R. D. Antenatal vitamin A supplementation increases birth weight and decreases anemia among infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Malawi. Clin Infect.Dis 9-1-2002;35(5):618-624.

82272

Miller, M., Humphrey, J., Johnson, E., Marinda, E., Brookmeyer, R., and Katz, J. Why do children become vitamin A deficient? J Nutr 2002;132(9 Suppl):2867S-2880S.

82276

Molife, R. and Hancock, B. W. Adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma. Crit Rev Oncol.Hematol. 2002;44(1):81-102.

82278

Shannon, J., Thomas, D. B., Ray, R. M., Kestin, M., Koetsawang, A., Koetsawang, S., Chitnarong, K., Kiviat, N., and Kuypers, J. Dietary risk factors for invasive and in-situ cervical carcinomas in Bangkok, Thailand. Cancer Causes Control 2002;13(8):691-699.

82279

George, R., Weightman, W., Russ, G. R., Bannister, K. M., and Mathew, T. H. Acitretin for chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancers in renal transplant recipients. Australas.J Dermatol 2002;43(4):269-273.

82281

Rosales, F. J. Vitamin a supplementation of vitamin a deficient measles patients lowers the risk of measles-related pneumonia in zambian children. J Nutr 2002;132(12):3700-3703.

82282

Suprapto, B., Widardo, and Suhanantyo. Effect of low-dosage vitamin A and riboflavin on iron-folate supplementation in anaemic pregnant women. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2002;11(4):263-267.

82283

Yang, Y. X., Han, J. H., Shao, X. P., He, M., Bian, L. H., Wang, Z., Wang, G. D., and Men, J. H. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on the growth of preschool children in China. Biomed.Environ Sci 2002;15(3):196-202.

82284

Darlow, B. A. and Graham, P. J. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(4):CD000501.

82285

Van, D. E., Kulier, R., Gulmezoglu, A. M., and Villar, J. Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(4):CD001996.

82286

D'Souza, R. M. and D'Souza, R. Vitamin A for the treatment of children with measles--a systematic review. J Trop.Pediatr 2002;48(6):323-327.

82287

Gupta, P. and Indrayan, A. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on childhood morbidity and mortality: critical review of Indian studies. Indian Pediatr 2002;39(12):1099-1118.

82288

Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304.

82289

Chowdhury, S., Kumar, R., Ganguly, N. K., Kumar, L., and Walia, B. N. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on childhood morbidity and mortality. Indian J Med Sci 2002;56(6):259-264.

82290

Pangaribuan, R., Erhardt, J. G., Scherbaum, V., and Biesalski, H. K. Vitamin A capsule distribution to control vitamin A deficiency in Indonesia: effect of supplementation in pre-school children and compliance with the programme. Public Health Nutr 2003;6(2):209-216.

82291

Malin, A. S., Qi, D., Shu, X. O., Gao, Y. T., Friedmann, J. M., Jin, F., and Zheng, W. Intake of fruits, vegetables and selected micronutrients in relation to the risk of breast cancer. Int J Cancer 6-20-2003;105(3):413-418.

82293

Phillips-Howard, P. A., Nahlen, B. L., Wannemuehler, K. A., Kolczak, M. S., ter Kuile, F. O., Gimnig, J. E., Olson, K., Alaii, J. A., Odhacha, A., Vulule, J. M., and Hawley, W. A. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on the incidence of sick child visits to peripheral health facilities. Am J Trop.Med Hyg. 2003;68(4 Suppl):38-43.

82294

ter Kuile, F. O., Terlouw, D. J., Kariuki, S. K., Phillips-Howard, P. A., Mirel, L. B., Hawley, W. A., Friedman, J. F., Shi, Y. P., Kolczak, M. S., Lal, A. A., Vulule, J. M., and Nahlen, B. L. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria, anemia, and growth in infants in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop.Med Hyg. 2003;68(4 Suppl):68-77.

82295

Massaga, J. J., Kitua, A. Y., Lemnge, M. M., Akida, J. A., Malle, L. N., Ronn, A. M., Theander, T. G., and Bygbjerg, I. C. Effect of intermittent treatment with amodiaquine on anaemia and malarial fevers in infants in Tanzania: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 5-31-2003;361(9372):1853-1860.

82296

Raffoux, E., Rousselot, P., Poupon, J., Daniel, M. T., Cassinat, B., Delarue, R., Taksin, A. L., Rea, D., Buzyn, A., Tibi, A., Lebbe, G., Cimerman, P., Chomienne, C., Fermand, J. P., de, The H., Degos, L., Hermine, O., and Dombret, H. Combined treatment with arsenic trioxide and all-trans-retinoic acid in patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. J Clin.Oncol. 6-15-2003;21(12):2326-2334.

82297

Rim, J. H., Park, J. Y., Choe, Y. B., and Youn, J. I. The efficacy of calcipotriol + acitretin combination therapy for psoriasis: comparison with acitretin monotherapy. Am J Clin.Dermatol. 2003;4(7):507-510.

82298

Ambalavanan, N., Wu, T. J., Tyson, J. E., Kennedy, K. A., Roane, C., and Carlo, W. A. A comparison of three vitamin A dosing regimens in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. J Pediatr 2003;142(6):656-661.

82299

Carpenter, K. J., Roberts, S., and Sternberg, S. Nutrition and immune function: a 1992 report. Lancet 6-28-2003;361(9376):2247-2248.

82300

Bonilla-Fernandez, P., Lopez-Cervantes, M., Torres-Sanchez, L. E., Tortolero-Luna, G., and Lopez-Carrillo, L. Nutritional factors and breast cancer in Mexico. Nutr Cancer 2003;45(2):148-155.

82301

Rahmathullah, L., Tielsch, J. M., Thulasiraj, R. D., Katz, J., Coles, C., Devi, S., John, R., Prakash, K., Sadanand, A. V., Edwin, N., and Kamaraj, C. Impact of supplementing newborn infants with vitamin A on early infant mortality: community based randomised trial in southern India. BMJ 8-2-2003;327(7409):254.

82302

Gueguen, S., Pirollet, P., Leroy, P., Guilland, J. C., Arnaud, J., Paille, F., Siest, G., Visvikis, S., Hercberg, S., and Herbeth, B. Changes in serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, carotenoids, xinc and selenium after micronutrient supplementation during alcohol rehabilitation. J.Am.Coll.Nutr. 2003;22(4):303-310.

82303

Dedicoat, M., Vaithilingum, M., and Newton, R. Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-1 infected individuals with emphasis on resource poor settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(3):CD003256.

82304

Do, M. H., Lee, S. S., Jung, P. J., and Lee, M. H. Intake of dietary fat and vitamin in relation to breast cancer risk in Korean women: a case-control study. J Korean Med.Sci 2003;18(4):534-540.

82306

de Sevaux, R. G., Smit, J. V., de Jong, E. M., van de Kerkhof, P. C., and Hoitsma, A. J. Acitretin treatment of premalignant and malignant skin disorders in renal transplant recipients: clinical effects of a randomized trial comparing two doses of acitretin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49(3):407-412.

82308

Graham, S., Zielezny, M., Marshall, J., Priore, R., Freudenheim, J., Brasure, J., Haughey, B., Nasca, P., and Zdeb, M. Diet in the epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in the New York State Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 12-1-1992;136(11):1327-1337.

82309

Arthur, P., Kirkwood, B., Ross, D., Morris, S., Gyapong, J., Tomkins, A., and Addy, H. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on childhood morbidity in northern Ghana. Lancet 2-8-1992;339(8789):361-362.

82310

Herrera, M. G., Nestel, P., el, Amin A., Fawzi, W. W., Mohamed, K. A., and Weld, L. Vitamin A supplementation and child survival. Lancet 8-1-1992;340(8814):267-271.

82312

Hohl, D., Pelloni, F., Sigg, C., Gilardi, S., and Jung, T. A prospective study of skeletal changes during short-term acitretin therapy. Dermatology 1992;185(1):23-26.

82313

Mahmud, Z. and Ali, S. M. Role of vitamin A and E in spondylosis. Bangladesh Med Res Counc.Bull 1992;18(1):47-59.

82316

Ravishankar, C., Nafday, S., Green, R. S., Kamenir, S., Lorber, R., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Bridges, N. D., Holzman, I. R., and Gelb, B. D. A trial of vitamin A therapy to facilitate ductal closure in premature infants. J Pediatr 2003;143(5):644-648.

82318

Mezey, E., Potter, J. J., Rennie-Tankersley, L., Caballeria, J., and Pares, A. A randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin E for alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2004;40(1):40-46.

82319

Nissen, S. B., Tjonneland, A., Stripp, C., Olsen, A., Christensen, J., Overvad, K., Dragsted, L. O., and Thomsen, B. Intake of vitamins A, C, and E from diet and supplements and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 2003;14(8):695-704.

82320

Thurnham, D. I., McCabe, G. P., Northrop-Clewes, C. A., and Nestel, P. Effects of subclinical infection on plasma retinol concentrations and assessment of prevalence of vitamin A deficiency: meta-analysis. Lancet 12-20-2003;362(9401):2052-2058.

82321

Rizvi, N., Hawkins, M. J., Eisenberg, P. D., Yocum, R. C., and Reich, S. D. Placebo-controlled trial of bexarotene, a retinoid x receptor agonist, as maintenance therapy for patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin.Lung Cancer 2001;2(3):210-215.

82322

Murphy, S., West, K. P., Jr., Greenough, W. B., III, Cherot, E., Katz, J., and Clement, L. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of infection in elderly nursing-home residents: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 1992;21(6):435-439.

82323

Takagi, H., Kakizaki, S., Sohara, N., Sato, K., Tsukioka, G., Tago, Y., Konaka, K., Kabeya, K., Kaneko, M., Takayama, H., Hashimoto, Y., Yamada, T., Takahashi, H., Shimojo, H., Nagamine, T., and Mori, M. Pilot clinical trial of the use of alpha-tocopherol for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2003;73(6):411-415.

82324

Mannisto, S., Smith-Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D., Albanes, D., Anderson, K., Van den Brandt, P. A., Cerhan, J. R., Colditz, G., Feskanich, D., Freudenheim, J. L., Giovannucci, E., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., Miller, A. B., Rohan, T. E., Virtamo, J., Willett, W. C., and Hunter, D. J. Dietary carotenoids and risk of lung cancer in a pooled analysis of seven cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004;13(1):40-48.

82325

Lee, E. and Koo, J. Single-center retrospective study of long-term use of low-dose acitretin (Soriatane) for psoriasis. J Dermatolog.Treat. 2004;15(1):8-13.

82326

Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(3):430-436.

82327

Terlouw, D. J., Desai, M. R., Wannemuehler, K. A., Kariuki, S. K., Pfeiffer, C. M., Kager, P. A., Shi, Y. P., and ter Kuile, F. O. Relation between the response to iron supplementation and sickle cell hemoglobin phenotype in preschool children in western Kenya. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(3):466-472.

82328

Shen, Z. X., Shi, Z. Z., Fang, J., Gu, B. W., Li, J. M., Zhu, Y. M., Shi, J. Y., Zheng, P. Z., Yan, H., Liu, Y. F., Chen, Y., Shen, Y., Wu, W., Tang, W., Waxman, S., de, The H., Wang, Z. Y., Chen, S. J., and Chen, Z. All-trans retinoic acid/As2O3 combination yields a high quality remission and survival in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 4-13-2004;101(15):5328-5335.

82329

Singh, V. and West, K. P., Jr. Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia among school-aged children in Southeastern Asia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58(10):1342-1349.

82330

de Botton, S., Coiteux, V., Chevret, S., Rayon, C., Vilmer, E., Sanz, M., de La, Serna J., Philippe, N., Baruchel, A., Leverger, G., Robert, A., San, Miguel J., Conde, E., Sotto, J. J., Bordessoule, D., Fegueux, N., Fey, M., Parry, A., Chomienne, C., Degos, L., and Fenaux, P. Outcome of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans-retinoic acid and chemotherapy. J Clin.Oncol. 4-15-2004;22(8):1404-1412.

82331

Pearson, E., Bose, C., Snidow, T., Ransom, L., Young, T., Bose, G., and Stiles, A. Trial of vitamin A supplementation in very low birth weight infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr 1992;121(3):420-427.

82332

Paton, N. I., Chua, Y. K., Earnest, A., and Chee, C. B. Randomized controlled trial of nutritional supplementation in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and wasting. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(2):460-465.

82333

Davison, C., Ventre, K. M., Luchetti, M., and Randolph, A. G. Efficacy of interventions for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2004;5(5):482-489.

82334

Fredriksson, T. and Pettersson, U. Oral treatment of pustulosis palmo-plantaris with a new retinoid, Ro 10-9359. Dermatologica 1979;158(1):60-64.

82335

Wang, G., Li, W., Cui, J., Gao, S., Yao, C., Jiang, Z., Song, Y., Yuan, C. J., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., and Cai, L. An efficient therapeutic approach to patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia using a combination of arsenic trioxide with low-dose all-trans retinoic acid. Hematol.Oncol. 2004;22(2):63-71.

82336

Alonso, P. L., Sacarlal, J., Aponte, J. J., Leach, A., Macete, E., Milman, J., Mandomando, I., Spiessens, B., Guinovart, C., Espasa, M., Bassat, Q., Aide, P., Ofori-Anyinam, O., Navia, M. M., Corachan, S., Ceuppens, M., Dubois, M. C., Demoitie, M. A., Dubovsky, F., Menendez, C., Tornieporth, N., Ballou, W. R., Thompson, R., and Cohen, J. Efficacy of the RTS,S/AS02A vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease in young African children: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 10-16-2004;364(9443):1411-1420.

82337

Mermin, J., Lule, J., Ekwaru, J. P., Malamba, S., Downing, R., Ransom, R., Kaharuza, F., Culver, D., Kizito, F., Bunnell, R., Kigozi, A., Nakanjako, D., Wafula, W., and Quick, R. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load in HIV infection in rural Uganda. Lancet 10-16-2004;364(9443):1428-1434.

82338

Stern, R. S. and Coopman, S. A. The measure of youth. Arch Dermatol 1992;128(3):390-393.

82340

Brown, N. and Roberts, C. Vitamin A for acute respiratory infection in developing countries: a meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2004;93(11):1437-1442.

82341

Olsen, E. A., Katz, H. I., Levine, N., Shupack, J., Billys, M. M., Prawer, S., Gold, J., Stiller, M., Lufrano, L., and Thorne, E. G. Tretinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for photodamaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26(2 Pt 1):215-224.

82342

Del Rosso, J. Q. Topical retinoids in the management of acne: the best path to clear results. Cutis 2004;74(4 Suppl):2-3.

82344

Leyden, J. J. Meta-analysis of topical tazarotene in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. Cutis 2004;74(4 Suppl):9-15.

82345

Chintu, C., Bhat, G. J., Walker, A. S., Mulenga, V., Sinyinza, F., Lishimpi, K., Farrelly, L., Kaganson, N., Zumla, A., Gillespie, S. H., Nunn, A. J., and Gibb, D. M. Co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian children (CHAP): a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 11-20-2004;364(9448):1865-1871.

82346

Saeian, K., Bajaj, J. S., Franco, J., Knox, J. F., Daniel, J., Peine, C., McKee, D., Varma, R. R., and Ho, S. High-dose vitamin E supplementation does not diminish ribavirin-associated haemolysis in hepatitis C treatment with combination standard alpha-interferon and ribavirin. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther 11-15-2004;20(10):1189-1193.

82347

Semba, R. D., Ndugwa, C., Perry, R. T., Clark, T. D., Jackson, J. B., Melikian, G., Tielsch, J., and Mmiro, F. Effect of periodic vitamin A supplementation on mortality and morbidity of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Uganda: A controlled clinical trial. Nutrition 2005;21(1):25-31.

82348

Samuel, M., Brooke, R. C., Hollis, S., and Griffiths, C. E. Interventions for photodamaged skin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(1):CD001782.

82349

Testi, A. M., Biondi, A., Lo, Coco F., Moleti, M. L., Giona, F., Vignetti, M., Menna, G., Locatelli, F., Pession, A., Barisone, E., De, Rossi G., Diverio, D., Micalizzi, C., Arico, M., Basso, G., Foa, R., and Mandelli, F. GIMEMA-AIEOPAIDA protocol for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in children. Blood 7-15-2005;106(2):447-453.

82350

Ehrenpreis, E. D., Jani, A., Levitsky, J., Ahn, J., and Hong, J. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of retinol palmitate (vitamin A) for symptomatic chronic radiation proctopathy. Dis.Colon Rectum 2005;48(1):1-8.

82351

Malaba, L. C., Iliff, P. J., Nathoo, K. J., Marinda, E., Moulton, L. H., Zijenah, L. S., Zvandasara, P., Ward, B. J., and Humphrey, J. H. Effect of postpartum maternal or neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant mortality among infants born to HIV-negative mothers in Zimbabwe. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81(2):454-460.

82352

Aguayo, V. M., Kahn, S., Ismael, C., and Meershoek, S. Vitamin A deficiency and child mortality in Mozambique. Public Health Nutr 2005;8(1):29-31.

82353

Perez-Guzman, C., Vargas, M. H., Quinonez, F., Bazavilvazo, N., and Aguilar, A. A cholesterol-rich diet accelerates bacteriologic sterilization in pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest 2005;127(2):643-651.

82354

Brabin, L. and Brabin, B. J. The cost of successful adolescent growth and development in girls in relation to iron and vitamin A status. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55(5):955-958.

82356

Rumbold, A., Middleton, P., and Crowther, C. A. Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(2):CD004073.

82358

Mills, E. J., Wu, P., Seely, D., and Guyatt, G. H. Vitamin supplementation for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and pre-term delivery: a systematic review of randomized trial including more than 2800 women. AIDS Res Ther 5-6-2005;2(1):4.

82359

Coutsoudis, A., Pillay, K., Spooner, E., Coovadia, H. M., Pembrey, L., and Newell, M. L. Routinely available cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and occurrence of respiratory and diarrhoeal morbidity in infants born to HIV-infected mothers in South Africa. S Afr Med J 2005;95(5):339-345.

82360

Morland-Schultz, K. and Hill, P. D. Prevention of and therapies for nipple pain: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005;34(4):428-437.

82361

Wang, G. J., Li, W., Cui, J. W., Gao, S. J., Yao, C., Jiang, Z. Y., Song, Y. Q., Yuan, C. J., Yang, Y., and Liu, Z. L. [Therapeutic effects of combination of arsenic trioxide with low-dose all-trans retinoic acid on induction of remission acute promyeloeytic leukemia]. Zhonghua Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 4-27-2005;85(16):1093-1096.

82362

Ni, J., Wei, J., and Wu, T. Vitamin A for non-measles pneumonia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(3):CD003700.

82363

Recchia, F., Saggio, G., Cesta, A., Alesse, E., Gallo, R., Necozione, S., and Rea, S. Phase II randomized study of interleukin-2 with or without 13-cis retinoic acid as maintenance therapy in patients with advanced cancer responsive to chemotherapy. Anticancer Res 2005;25(4):3149-3157.

82364

Avenell, A., Campbell, M. K., Cook, J. A., Hannaford, P. C., Kilonzo, M. M., McNeill, G., Milne, A. C., Ramsay, C. R., Seymour, D. G., Stephen, A. I., and Vale, L. D. Effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplements on morbidity from infections in older people (MAVIS trial): pragmatic, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. BMJ 8-6-2005;331(7512):324-329.

82365

Finklestein, J. Z., Krailo, M. D., Lenarsky, C., Ladisch, S., Blair, G. K., Reynolds, C. P., Sitarz, A. L., and Hammond, G. D. 13-cis-retinoic acid (NSC 122758) in the treatment of children with metastatic neuroblastoma unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy: report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. Med.Pediatr.Oncol. 1992;20(4):307-311.

82366

Lee, M. M., Chang, I. Y., Horng, C. F., Chang, J. S., Cheng, S. H., and Huang, A. Breast cancer and dietary factors in Taiwanese women. Cancer Causes Control 2005;16(8):929-937.

82367

Lam, W. K. Lung cancer in Asian women-the environment and genes. Respirology. 2005;10(4):408-417.

82368

Range, N., Andersen, A. B., Magnussen, P., Mugomela, A., and Friis, H. The effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial in Mwanza, Tanzania. Trop.Med Int Health 2005;10(9):826-832.

82369

Bowman, S., Gold, M., Nasir, A., and Vamvakias, G. Comparison of clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin plus clindamycin, and the combination of clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin plus clindamycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, blinded study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2005;4(5):611-618.

82370

Chandramohan, D., Owusu-Agyei, S., Carneiro, I., Awine, T., Amponsa-Achiano, K., Mensah, N., Jaffar, S., Baiden, R., Hodgson, A., Binka, F., and Greenwood, B. Cluster randomised trial of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants in area of high, seasonal transmission in Ghana. BMJ 10-1-2005;331(7519):727-733.

82372

Ortega, J. J., Madero, L., Martin, G., Verdeguer, A., Garcia, P., Parody, R., Fuster, J., Molines, A., Novo, A., Deben, G., Rodriguez, A., Conde, E., de la Serna, J., Allegue, M. J., Capote, F. J., Gonzalez, J. D., Bolufer, P., Gonzalez, M., and Sanz, M. A. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline monochemotherapy for children with acute promyelocytic leukemia: a multicenter study by the PETHEMA Group. J Clin.Oncol. 10-20-2005;23(30):7632-7640.

82373

Huiming, Y., Chaomin, W., and Meng, M. Vitamin A for treating measles in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(4):CD001479.

82374

Wiysonge, C. S., Shey, M. S., Sterne, J. A., and Brocklehurst, P. Vitamin A supplementation for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(4):CD003648.

82375

Newton, S., Cousens, S., Owusu-Agyei, S., Filteau, S., Stanley, C., Linsell, L., and Kirkwood, B. Vitamin a supplementation does not affect infants' immune responses to polio and tetanus vaccines. J Nutr 2005;135(11):2669-2673.

82376

Rodriguez, A., Hamer, D. H., Rivera, J., Acosta, M., Salgado, G., Gordillo, M., Cabezas, M., Naranjo-Pinto, C., Leguisamo, J., Gomez, D., Fuenmayor, G., Jativa, E., Guaman, G., Estrella, B., and Sempertegui, F. Effects of moderate doses of vitamin A as an adjunct to the treatment of pneumonia in underweight and normal-weight children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(5):1090-1096.

82377

Bobat, R., Coovadia, H., Stephen, C., Naidoo, K. L., McKerrow, N., Black, R. E., and Moss, W. J. Safety and efficacy of zinc supplementation for children with HIV-1 infection in South Africa: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 11-26-2005;366(9500):1862-1867.

82378

Scardina, G. A., Messina, P., Carini, F., and Maresi, E. A randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of different concentrations of isotretinoin in the management of lichen planus. Int J Oral Maxillofac.Surg. 2006;35(1):67-71.

82379

Cox, S. E., Staalsoe, T., Arthur, P., Bulmer, J. N., Tagbor, H., Hviid, L., Frost, C., Riley, E. M., and Kirkwood, B. R. Maternal vitamin A supplementation and immunity to malaria in pregnancy in Ghanaian primigravids. Trop.Med Int Health 2005;10(12):1286-1297.

82382

Chang, A. B., Torzillo, P. J., Boyce, N. C., White, A. V., Stewart, P. M., Wheaton, G. R., Purdie, D. M., Wakerman, J., and Valery, P. C. Zinc and vitamin A supplementation in Indigenous Australian children hospitalised with lower respiratory tract infection: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 2-6-2006;184(3):107-112.

82383

Hamerlynck, J. V., Middeldorp, S., and Scholten, R. J. [From the Cochrane Library: Improvement of photodamaged skin with retinoid creams and not with other local treatments]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 1-21-2006;150(3):140-142.

82384

Nursyam, E. W., Amin, Z., and Rumende, C. M. The effect of vitamin D as supplementary treatment in patients with moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculous lesion. Acta Med Indones. 2006;38(1):3-5.

82385

Humphrey, J. H., Iliff, P. J., Marinda, E. T., Mutasa, K., Moulton, L. H., Chidawanyika, H., Ward, B. J., Nathoo, K. J., Malaba, L. C., Zijenah, L. S., Zvandasara, P., Ntozini, R., Mzengeza, F., Mahomva, A. I., Ruff, A. J., Mbizvo, M. T., and Zunguza, C. D. Effects of a single large dose of vitamin A, given during the postpartum period to HIV-positive women and their infants, on child HIV infection, HIV-free survival, and mortality. J Infect.Dis 3-15-2006;193(6):860-871.

82386

Hernandez-Guerra, M., Garcia-Pagan, J. C., Turnes, J., Bellot, P., Deulofeu, R., Abraldes, J. G., and Bosch, J. Ascorbic acid improves the intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Hepatology 2006;43(3):485-491.

82387

Muller, O., Traore, C., Kouyate, B., Ye, Y., Frey, C., Coulibaly, B., and Becher, H. Effects of insecticide-treated bednets during early infancy in an African area of intense malaria transmission: a randomized controlled trial. Bull World Health Organ 2006;84(2):120-126.

82388

Cisse, B., Sokhna, C., Boulanger, D., Milet, J., Ba, el H., Richardson, K., Hallett, R., Sutherland, C., Simondon, K., Simondon, F., Alexander, N., Gaye, O., Targett, G., Lines, J., Greenwood, B., and Trape, J. F. Seasonal intermittent preventive treatment with artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria in Senegalese children: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet 2-25-2006;367(9511):659-667.

82389

Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83(3):693-700.

82391

van den Broek, N. R., White, S. A., Flowers, C., Cook, J. D., Letsky, E. A., Tanumihardjo, S. A., Mhango, C., Molyneux, M., and Neilson, J. P. Randomised trial of vitamin A supplementation in pregnant women in rural Malawi found to be anaemic on screening by HemoCue. BJOG. 2006;113(5):569-576.

82392

Scardina, G. A., Carini, F., Maresi, E., Valenza, V., and Messina, P. Evaluation of the clinical and histological effectiveness of isotretinoin in the therapy of oral leukoplakia: ten years of experience: is management still up to date and effective? Methods Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol 2006;28(2):115-119.

82394

West, K. P., Jr., Pokhrel, R. P., Katz, J., LeClerq, S. C., Khatry, S. K., Shrestha, S. R., Pradhan, E. K., Tielsch, J. M., Pandey, M. R., and Sommer, A. Efficacy of vitamin A in reducing preschool child mortality in Nepal. Lancet 7-13-1991;338(8759):67-71.

82395

Macete, E., Aide, P., Aponte, J. J., Sanz, S., Mandomando, I., Espasa, M., Sigauque, B., Dobano, C., Mabunda, S., DgeDge, M., Alonso, P., and Menendez, C. Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria control administered at the time of routine vaccinations in Mozambican infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect.Dis 8-1-2006;194(3):276-285.

82396

Hino, K., Murakami, Y., Nagai, A., Kitase, A., Hara, Y., Furutani, T., Ren, F., Yamaguchi, Y., Yutoku, K., Yamashita, S., Okuda, M., Okita, M., and Okita, K. Alpha-tocopherol [corrected] and ascorbic acid attenuates the ribavirin [corrected] induced decrease of eicosapentaenoic acid in erythrocyte membrane in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21(8):1269-1275.

82397

Thior, I., Lockman, S., Smeaton, L. M., Shapiro, R. L., Wester, C., Heymann, S. J., Gilbert, P. B., Stevens, L., Peter, T., Kim, S., van, Widenfelt E., Moffat, C., Ndase, P., Arimi, P., Kebaabetswe, P., Mazonde, P., Makhema, J., McIntosh, K., Novitsky, V., Lee, T. H., Marlink, R., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Breastfeeding plus infant zidovudine prophylaxis for 6 months vs formula feeding plus infant zidovudine for 1 month to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana: a randomized trial: the Mashi Study. JAMA 8-16-2006;296(7):794-805.

82398

Herrero-Barbudo, C., Olmedilla-Alonso, B., Granado-Lorencio, F., and Blanco-Navarro, I. Bioavailability of vitamins A and E from whole and vitamin-fortified milks in control subjects. Eur J Nutr 2006;45(7):391-398.

82399

Bejon, P., Mwacharo, J., Kai, O., Mwangi, T., Milligan, P., Todryk, S., Keating, S., Lang, T., Lowe, B., Gikonyo, C., Molyneux, C., Fegan, G., Gilbert, S. C., Peshu, N., Marsh, K., and Hill, A. V. A phase 2b randomised trial of the candidate malaria vaccines FP9 ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP among children in Kenya. PLoS.Clin Trials 2006;1(6):e29.

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Kilonzo, M. M., Vale, L. D., Cook, J. A., Milne, A. C., Stephen, A. I., and Avenell, A. A cost-utility analysis of multivitamin and multimineral supplements in men and women aged 65 years and over. Clin.Nutr 2007;26(3):364-370.

82402

Assantachai, P. and Lekhakula, S. Epidemiological survey of vitamin deficiencies in older Thai adults: implications for national policy planning. Public Health Nutr 2007;10(1):65-70.

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Morales, Alcover O., Ochoa Herrera, J. J., Lopez-Frias, M., and Mataix, Verdu J. [Vitamin intake in the adult population of the Andalusian Autonomous Community]. Nutr Hosp. 2007;22(1):108-111.

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Rafal, E. S., Griffiths, C. E., Ditre, C. M., Finkel, L. J., Hamilton, T. A., Ellis, C. N., and Voorhees, J. J. Topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) treatment for liver spots associated with photodamage. N Engl.J Med 2-6-1992;326(6):368-374.

82408

Tangrea, J. A., Edwards, B. K., Taylor, P. R., Hartman, A. M., Peck, G. L., Salasche, S. J., Menon, P. A., Benson, P. M., Mellette, J. R., Guill, M. A., and . Long-term therapy with low-dose isotretinoin for prevention of basal cell carcinoma: a multicenter clinical trial. Isotretinoin-Basal Cell Carcinoma Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 3-4-1992;84(5):328-332.

82409

Ayah, R. A., Mwaniki, D. L., Magnussen, P., Tedstone, A. E., Marshall, T., Alusala, D., Luoba, A., Kaestel, P., Michaelsen, K. F., and Friis, H. The effects of maternal and infant vitamin A supplementation on vitamin A status: a randomised trial in Kenya. Br J Nutr 2007;98(2):422-430.

82410

Daulaire, N. M., Starbuck, E. S., Houston, R. M., Church, M. S., Stukel, T. A., and Pandey, M. R. Childhood mortality after a high dose of vitamin A in a high risk population. BMJ 1-25-1992;304(6821):207-210.

82411

Coovadia, H. M., Rollins, N. C., Bland, R. M., Little, K., Coutsoudis, A., Bennish, M. L., and Newell, M. L. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life: an intervention cohort study. Lancet 3-31-2007;369(9567):1107-1116.

82412

Piattelli, A., Carinci, F., Iezzi, G., Perrotti, V., Goteri, G., Fioroni, M., and Rubini, C. Oral lichen planus treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin): effects on the apoptotic process. Clin.Oral Investig. 2007;11(3):283-288.

82413

Idindili, B., Masanja, H., Urassa, H., Bunini, W., van, Jaarsveld P., Aponte, J. J., Kahigwa, E., Mshinda, H., Ross, D., and Schellenberg, D. M. Randomized controlled safety and efficacy trial of 2 vitamin A supplementation schedules in Tanzanian infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(5):1312-1319.

82414

Canter, P. H., Wider, B., and Ernst, E. The antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and selenium in the treatment of arthritis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Rheumatology.(Oxford) 2007;46(8):1223-1233.

82415

Kobbe, R., Kreuzberg, C., Adjei, S., Thompson, B., Langefeld, I., Thompson, P. A., Abruquah, H. H., Kreuels, B., Ayim, M., Busch, W., Marks, F., Amoah, K., Opoku, E., Meyer, C. G., Adjei, O., and May, J. A randomized controlled trial of extended intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in infants. Clin Infect.Dis 7-1-2007;45(1):16-25.

82416

Darboe, M. K., Thurnham, D. I., Morgan, G., Adegbola, R. A., Secka, O., Solon, J. A., Jackson, S. J., Northrop-Clewes, C., Fulford, T. J., Doherty, C. P., and Prentice, A. M. Effectiveness of an early supplementation scheme of high-dose vitamin A versus standard WHO protocol in Gambian mothers and infants: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 6-23-2007;369(9579):2088-2096.

82417

Luabeya, K. K., Mpontshane, N., Mackay, M., Ward, H., Elson, I., Chhagan, M., Tomkins, A., Van den Broeck, J., and Bennish, M. L. Zinc or multiple micronutrient supplementation to reduce diarrhea and respiratory disease in South African children: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS.One. 2007;2(6):e541.

82418

Mockenhaupt, F. P., Reither, K., Zanger, P., Roepcke, F., Danquah, I., Saad, E., Ziniel, P., Dzisi, S. Y., Frempong, M., Agana-Nsiire, P., Amoo-Sakyi, F., Otchwemah, R., Cramer, J. P., Anemana, S. D., Dietz, E., and Bienzle, U. Intermittent preventive treatment in infants as a means of malaria control: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in northern Ghana. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2007;51(9):3273-3281.

82422

Lin, J., Song, F., Yao, P., Yang, X., Li, N., Sun, S., Lei, L., and Liu, L. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on immune function of well-nourished children suffering from vitamin A deficiency in China. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62(12):1412-1418.

82424

Semba, R. D., Kumwenda, J., Zijlstra, E., Ricks, M. O., van, Lettow M., Whalen, C., Clark, T. D., Jorgensen, L., Kohler, J., Kumwenda, N., Taha, T. E., and Harries, A. D. Micronutrient supplements and mortality of HIV-infected adults with pulmonary TB: a controlled clinical trial. Int J Tuberc.Lung Dis 2007;11(8):854-859.

82426

Ezquerra, G. M., Regana, M. S., and Millet, P. U. Combination of acitretin and oral calcitriol for treatment of plaque-type psoriasis. Acta Derm.Venereol. 2007;87(5):449-450.

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Papagaroufalis, C., Megreli, C., Hagjigeorgi, C., and Xanthou, M. A trial of vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight neonates. J Perinat.Med 1991;19 Suppl 1:382-387.

82428

Gabbay, E., Zigmond, E., Pappo, O., Hemed, N., Rowe, M., Zabrecky, G., Cohen, R., and Ilan, Y. Antioxidant therapy for chronic hepatitis C after failure of interferon: results of phase II randomized, double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. World J Gastroenterol 10-28-2007;13(40):5317-5323.

82429

Dorjgochoo, T., Shrubsole, M. J., Shu, X. O., Lu, W., Ruan, Z., Zheng, Y., Cai, H., Dai, Q., Gu, K., Gao, Y. T., and Zheng, W. Vitamin supplement use and risk for breast cancer: the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;111(2):269-278.

82431

Darlow, B. A. and Graham, P. J. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(4):CD000501.

82433

Coutsoudis, A., Coovadia, H. M., Broughton, M., Salisbury, R. T., and Elson, I. Micronutrient utilisation during measles treated with vitamin A or placebo. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 1991;61(3):199-204.

82434

Aponte, J. J., Aide, P., Renom, M., Mandomando, I., Bassat, Q., Sacarlal, J., Manaca, M. N., Lafuente, S., Barbosa, A., Leach, A., Lievens, M., Vekemans, J., Sigauque, B., Dubois, M. C., Demoitie, M. A., Sillman, M., Savarese, B., McNeil, J. G., Macete, E., Ballou, W. R., Cohen, J., and Alonso, P. L. Safety of the RTS,S/AS02D candidate malaria vaccine in infants living in a highly endemic area of Mozambique: a double blind randomised controlled phase I/IIb trial. Lancet 11-3-2007;370(9598):1543-1551.

82435

Oliveira, J. M. and Rondo, P. H. [Evidence of the impact of vitamin A supplementation on maternal and child health]. Cad.Saude Publica 2007;23(11):2565-2575.

82436

Neidecker-Gonzales, O., Nestel, P., and Bouis, H. Estimating the global costs of vitamin A capsule supplementation: a review of the literature. Food Nutr Bull 2007;28(3):307-316.

82437

Grobusch, M. P., Lell, B., Schwarz, N. G., Gabor, J., Dornemann, J., Potschke, M., Oyakhirome, S., Kiessling, G. C., Necek, M., Langin, M. U., Klein, Klouwenberg P., Klopfer, A., Naumann, B., Altun, H., Agnandji, S. T., Goesch, J., Decker, M., Salazar, C. L., Supan, C., Kombila, D. U., Borchert, L., Koster, K. B., Pongratz, P., Adegnika, A. A., Glasenapp, I., Issifou, S., and Kremsner, P. G. Intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in infants in Gabon--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect.Dis 12-1-2007;196(11):1595-1602.

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Rahmathullah, L. Effect of receiving a weekly dose of vitamin A equivalent to the recommended dietary allowances among pre school children on mortality in south India. Indian J Pediatr. 1991;58(6):837-847.

82442

Bhutta, Z. A., Ahmed, T., Black, R. E., Cousens, S., Dewey, K., Giugliani, E., Haider, B. A., Kirkwood, B., Morris, S. S., Sachdev, H. P., and Shekar, M. What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival. Lancet 2-2-2008;371(9610):417-440.

82443

Chen, H., Zhuo, Q., Yuan, W., Wang, J., and Wu, T. Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(1):CD006090.

82444

Lowe, N. J., Prystowsky, J. H., Bourget, T., Edelstein, J., Nychay, S., and Armstrong, R. Acitretin plus UVB therapy for psoriasis. Comparisons with placebo plus UVB and acitretin alone. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1991;24(4):591-594.

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Murray, H. E., Anhalt, A. W., Lessard, R., Schacter, R. K., Ross, J. B., Stewart, W. D., and Geiger, J. M. A 12-month treatment of severe psoriasis with acitretin: results of a Canadian open multicenter study. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1991;24(4):598-602.

82446

Seyedrezazadeh, E., Ostadrahimi, A., Mahboob, S., Assadi, Y., Ghaemmagami, J., and Pourmogaddam, M. Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on oxidative stress status in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Respirology. 2008;13(2):294-298.

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Maraini, G., Williams, S. L., Sperduto, R. D., Ferris, F., Milton, R. C., Clemons, T. E., Rosmini, F., and Ferrigno, L. A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial of multivitamin supplementation for age-related lens opacities. Clinical trial of nutritional supplements and age-related cataract report no. 3. Ophthalmology 2008;115(4):599-607.

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Tanew, A., Guggenbichler, A., Honigsmann, H., Geiger, J. M., and Fritsch, P. Photochemotherapy for severe psoriasis without or in combination with acitretin: a randomized, double-blind comparison study. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1991;25(4):682-684.

82449

Blumenschein, G. R., Jr., Khuri, F. R., von, Pawel J., Gatzemeier, U., Miller, W. H., Jr., Jotte, R. M., Le, Treut J., Sun, S. L., Zhang, J. K., Dziewanowska, Z. E., and Negro-Vilar, A. Phase III trial comparing carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bexarotene with carboplatin and paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: SPIRIT II. J Clin.Oncol. 4-10-2008;26(11):1879-1885.

82450

Ramlau, R., Zatloukal, P., Jassem, J., Schwarzenberger, P., Orlov, S. V., Gottfried, M., Pereira, J. R., Temperley, G., Negro-Vilar, R., Rahal, S., Zhang, J. K., Negro-Vilar, A., and Dziewanowska, Z. E. Randomized phase III trial comparing bexarotene (L1069-49)/cisplatin/vinorelbine with cisplatin/vinorelbine in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: SPIRIT I. J Clin.Oncol. 4-10-2008;26(11):1886-1892.

82451

Ghosh, C., Baker, J. A., Moysich, K. B., Rivera, R., Brasure, J. R., and McCann, S. E. Dietary intakes of selected nutrients and food groups and risk of cervical cancer. Nutr Cancer 2008;60(3):331-341.

82452

Villamor, E., Mugusi, F., Urassa, W., Bosch, R. J., Saathoff, E., Matsumoto, K., Meydani, S. N., and Fawzi, W. W. A trial of the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome, T cell counts, morbidity, and mortality in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. J Infect.Dis. 6-1-2008;197(11):1499-1505.

82453

Kumwenda, N. I., Hoover, D. R., Mofenson, L. M., Thigpen, M. C., Kafulafula, G., Li, Q., Mipando, L., Nkanaunena, K., Mebrahtu, T., Bulterys, M., Fowler, M. G., and Taha, T. E. Extended antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breast-milk HIV-1 transmission. N Engl.J Med 7-10-2008;359(2):119-129.

82454

Kuhn, L., Aldrovandi, G. M., Sinkala, M., Kankasa, C., Semrau, K., Mwiya, M., Kasonde, P., Scott, N., Vwalika, C., Walter, J., Bulterys, M., Tsai, W. Y., and Thea, D. M. Effects of early, abrupt weaning on HIV-free survival of children in Zambia. N Engl.J Med 7-10-2008;359(2):130-141.

82455

Penn, N. D., Purkins, L., Kelleher, J., Heatley, R. V., Mascie-Taylor, B. H., and Belfield, P. W. The effect of dietary supplementation with vitamins A, C and E on cell-mediated immune function in elderly long-stay patients: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 1991;20(3):169-174.

82456

Benn, C. S., Diness, B. R., Roth, A., Nante, E., Fisker, A. B., Lisse, I. M., Yazdanbakhsh, M., Whittle, H., Rodrigues, A., and Aaby, P. Effect of 50,000 IU vitamin A given with BCG vaccine on mortality in infants in Guinea-Bissau: randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 6-21-2008;336(7658):1416-1420.

82459

Klemm, R. D., Labrique, A. B., Christian, P., Rashid, M., Shamim, A. A., Katz, J., Sommer, A., and West, K. P., Jr. Newborn vitamin A supplementation reduced infant mortality in rural Bangladesh. Pediatrics 2008;122(1):e242-e250.

82460

Kothari, G. The effect of vitamin A prophylaxis on morbidity and mortality among children in urban slums in Bombay. J Trop.Pediatr 1991;37(3):141.

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Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Simonetti, R. G., and Gluud, C. Systematic review and meta-analysis: primary and secondary prevention of gastrointestinal cancers with antioxidant supplements. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther 6-30-2008;

82463

Bedri, A., Gudetta, B., Isehak, A., Kumbi, S., Lulseged, S., Mengistu, Y., Bhore, A. V., Bhosale, R., Varadhrajan, V., Gupte, N., Sastry, J., Suryavanshi, N., Tripathy, S., Mmiro, F., Mubiru, M., Onyango, C., Taylor, A., Musoke, P., Nakabiito, C., Abashawl, A., Adamu, R., Antelman, G., Bollinger, R. C., Bright, P., Chaudhary, M. A., Coberly, J., Guay, L., Fowler, M. G., Gupta, A., Hassen, E., Jackson, J. B., Moulton, L. H., Nayak, U., Omer, S. B., Propper, L., Ram, M., Rexroad, V., Ruff, A. J., Shankar, A., and Zwerski, S. Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet 7-26-2008;372(9635):300-313.

82464

Wang, C., Baumgartner, R. N., Yang, D., Slattery, M. L., Murtaugh, M. A., Byers, T., Hines, L. M., Giuliano, A. R., and Baumgartner, K. B. No evidence of association between breast cancer risk and dietary carotenoids, retinols, vitamin C and tocopherols in Southwestern Hispanic and non-Hispanic White women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;114(1):137-145.

82465

Nighland, M. and Grossman, R. Tretinoin microsphere gel in facial acne vulgaris: a meta-analysis. J Drugs Dermatol 2008;7(8 Suppl):s2-s8.

82466

Ziegler, R. G., Jones, C. J., Brinton, L. A., Norman, S. A., Mallin, K., Levine, R. S., Lehman, H. F., Hamman, R. F., Trumble, A. C., Rosenthal, J. F., and . Diet and the risk of in situ cervical cancer among white women in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 1991;2(1):17-29.

82467

NEI statement: Update on vitamin A as a treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. Optom.Vis.Sci 2008;85(9):E790-E791.

82468

Rahmathullah, L., Underwood, B. A., Thulasiraj, R. D., and Milton, R. C. Diarrhea, respiratory infections, and growth are not affected by a weekly low-dose vitamin A supplement: a masked, controlled field trial in children in southern India. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54(3):568-577.

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Kongnyuy, E. J., Wiysonge, C. S., and Shey, M. S. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of prenatal and postnatal vitamin A supplementation of HIV-infected women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009;104(1):5-8.

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Ozdemir, M., Engin, B., Baysal, I., and Mevlitoglu, I. A randomized comparison of acitretin-narrow-band TL-01 phototherapy and acitretin-psoralen plus ultraviolet A for psoriasis. Acta Derm.Venereol. 2008;88(6):589-593.

82472

Borooah, S., Collins, C., Wright, A., and Dhillon, B. Late-onset retinal macular degeneration: clinical insights into an inherited retinal degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93(3):284-289.

82473

Bellos, F. and Mahlknecht, U. Valproic acid and all-trans retinoic acid: meta-analysis of a palliative treatment regimen in AML and MDS patients. Onkologie. 2008;31(11):629-633.

82474

Horvath, T., Madi, B. C., Iuppa, I. M., Kennedy, G. E., Rutherford, G., and Read, J. S. Interventions for preventing late postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(1):CD006734.

82475

Wejse, C., Gomes, V. F., Rabna, P., Gustafson, P., Aaby, P., Lisse, I. M., Andersen, P. L., Glerup, H., and Sodemann, M. Vitamin D as supplementary treatment for tuberculosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir.Crit Care Med 5-1-2009;179(9):843-850.

82477

Moorthy, V. S., Reed, Z., and Smith, P. G. Clinical trials to estimate the efficacy of preventive interventions against malaria in paediatric populations: a methodological review. Malar.J 2009;8:23.

82478

Tosti, A., Ricotti, C., Romanelli, P., Cameli, N., and Piraccini, B. M. Evaluation of the efficacy of acitretin therapy for nail psoriasis. Arch.Dermatol. 2009;145(3):269-271.

82479

Gogia, S. and Sachdev, H. S. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for prevention of mortality and morbidity in infancy: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009;338:b919.

82480

Mignone, L. I., Giovannucci, E., Newcomb, P. A., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Trentham-Dietz, A., Hampton, J. M., Willett, W. C., and Egan, K. M. Dietary carotenoids and the risk of invasive breast cancer. Int.J.Cancer 6-15-2009;124(12):2929-2937.

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Zhang, C. X., Ho, S. C., Chen, Y. M., Fu, J. H., Cheng, S. Z., and Lin, F. Y. Greater vegetable and fruit intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Int J Cancer 7-1-2009;125(1):181-188.

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Mittal, R., Malhotra, S., Pandhi, P., Kaur, I., and Dogra, S. Efficacy and safety of combination Acitretin and Pioglitazone therapy in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch.Dermatol. 2009;145(4):387-393.

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Gollnick, H. P., Draelos, Z., Glenn, M. J., Rosoph, L. A., Kaszuba, A., Cornelison, R., Gore, B., Liu, Y., and Graeber, M. Adapalene-benzoyl peroxide, a unique fixed-dose combination topical gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a transatlantic, randomized, double-blind, controlled study in 1670 patients. Br.J Dermatol. 2009;161(5):1180-1189.

82486

Coutsoudis, A., Broughton, M., and Coovadia, H. M. Vitamin A supplementation reduces measles morbidity in young African children: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54(5):890-895.

82487

Bernstein, C. N., Nugent, Z., Longobardi, T., and Blanchard, J. F. Isotretinoin is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(11):2774-2778.

82488

Borooah, S., Collins, C., Wright, A., and Dhillon, B. Late-onset retinal macular degeneration: clinical insights into an inherited retinal degeneration. Postgrad.Med J 2009;85(1007):495-500.

82491

Vijayaraghavan, K., Radhaiah, G., Prakasam, B. S., Sarma, K. V., and Reddy, V. Effect of massive dose vitamin A on morbidity and mortality in Indian children. Lancet 12-1-1990;336(8727):1342-1345.

82494

Kim, J., Kim, M. K., Lee, J. K., Kim, J. H., Son, S. K., Song, E. S., Lee, K. B., Lee, J. P., Lee, J. M., and Yun, Y. M. Intakes of vitamin A, C, and E, and beta-carotene are associated with risk of cervical cancer: a case-control study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2010;62(2):181-189.

82495

Baer, T. Capacitor modification to the Schenck and Metcalf N(2) laser. Appl.Opt. 12-1-1976;15(12)

82496

Richardson, S., Gerber, M., and Cenee, S. The role of fat, animal protein and some vitamin consumption in breast cancer: a case control study in southern France. Int J Cancer 4-22-1991;48(1):1-9.

82497

Jackson, J. M., Fu, J. J., and Almekinder, J. L. A randomized, investigator-blinded trial to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of a benzoyl peroxide 5%/ clindamycin phosphate 1% gel compared with a clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/tretinoin 0.025% gel in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(2):131-136.

82498

Benn, C. S., Fisker, A. B., Napirna, B. M., Roth, A., Diness, B. R., Lausch, K. R., Ravn, H., Yazdanbakhsh, M., Rodrigues, A., Whittle, H., and Aaby, P. Vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth in low birthweight neonates: two by two factorial randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010;340:c1101.

82499

Creutzig, U., Zimmermann, M., Dworzak, M., Urban, C., Henze, G., Kremens, B., Lakomek, M., Bourquin, J. P., Stary, J., and Reinhardt, D. Favourable outcome of patients with childhood acute promyelocytic leukaemia after treatment with reduced cumulative anthracycline doses. Br.J Haematol. 2010;149(3):399-409.

82500

Weinstein, G. D., Nigra, T. P., Pochi, P. E., Savin, R. C., Allan, A., Benik, K., Jeffes, E., Lufrano, L., and Thorne, E. G. Topical tretinoin for treatment of photodamaged skin. A multicenter study. Arch Dermatol 1991;127(5):659-665.

82501

Theodoratou, E., Al-Jilaihawi, S., Woodward, F., Ferguson, J., Jhass, A., Balliet, M., Kolcic, I., Sadruddin, S., Duke, T., Rudan, I., and Campbell, H. The effect of case management on childhood pneumonia mortality in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39 Suppl 1:i155-i171.

82502

Sudfeld, C. R., Navar, A. M., and Halsey, N. A. Effectiveness of measles vaccination and vitamin A treatment. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39 Suppl 1:i48-i55.

82503

Crockett, S. D., Porter, C. Q., Martin, C. F., Sandler, R. S., and Kappelman, M. D. Isotretinoin use and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(9):1986-1993.

82504

Mathew, J. L. Vitamin A supplementation for prophylaxis or therapy in childhood pneumonia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Indian Pediatr 2010;47(3):255-261.

82505

Kirkwood, B. R., Hurt, L., Amenga-Etego, S., Tawiah, C., Zandoh, C., Danso, S., Hurt, C., Edmond, K., Hill, Z., Ten, Asbroek G., Fenty, J., Owusu-Agyei, S., Campbell, O., and Arthur, P. Effect of vitamin A supplementation in women of reproductive age on maternal survival in Ghana (ObaapaVitA): a cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 5-8-2010;375(9726):1640-1649.

82506

Zaridze, D., Lifanova, Y., Maximovitch, D., Day, N. E., and Duffy, S. W. Diet, alcohol consumption and reproductive factors in a case-control study of breast cancer in Moscow. Int J Cancer 6-19-1991;48(4):493-501.

82507

Vestergaard, P., Rejnmark, L., and Mosekilde, L. High-dose treatment with vitamin A analogues and risk of fractures. Arch.Dermatol. 2010;146(5):478-482.

82508

Armijos, R. X., Weigel, M. M., Chacon, R., Flores, L., and Campos, A. Adjunctive micronutrient supplementation for pulmonary tuberculosis. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;52(3):185-189.

82509

Gogia, S. and Sachdev, H. S. Maternal postpartum vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in infancy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39(5):1217-1226.

82510

Arrieta, O., Gonzalez-De la Rosa CH, Arechaga-Ocampo, E., Villanueva-Rodriguez, G., Ceron-Lizarraga, T. L., Martinez-Barrera, L., Vazquez-Manriquez, M. E., Rios-Trejo, M. A., Alvarez-Avitia, M. A., Hernandez-Pedro, N., Rojas-Marin, C., and De la Garza, J. Randomized phase II trial of All-trans-retinoic acid with chemotherapy based on paclitaxel and cisplatin as first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 7-20-2010;28(21):3463-3471.

82511

Humphreys, E. H., Smith, N. A., Azman, H., McLeod, D., and Rutherford, G. W. Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(6):CD008563.

82512

Lotan, R., Giotta, G., Nork, E., and Nicolson, G. L. Characterization of the inhibitory effects of retinoids on the in vitro growth of two malignant murine melanomas. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1978;60(5):1035-1041.

82513

Lung cancer associated with beta-carotene supplementation in smokers. Prescrire.Int 2010;19(107):121.

82514

Green, H. N., Pindar, D., Davis, G., and Mellanby, E. DIET AS A PROPHYLACTIC AGENT AGAINST PUERPERAL SEPSIS. Br Med J 10-3-1931;2(3691):595-598.

82515

Ellison, J. B. INTENSIVE VITAMIN THERAPY IN MEASLES. Br Med J 10-15-1932;2(3745):708-711.

82516

Agte, V. and Tarwadi, K. The importance of nutrition in the prevention of ocular disease with special reference to cataract. Ophthalmic Res 2010;44(3):166-172.

82518

Rotondi, M. A. and Khobzi, N. Vitamin A supplementation and neonatal mortality in the developing world: a meta-regression of cluster-randomized trials. Bull World Health Organ 9-1-2010;88(9):697-702.

82519

Yu, A. L., Gilman, A. L., Ozkaynak, M. F., London, W. B., Kreissman, S. G., Chen, H. X., Smith, M., Anderson, B., Villablanca, J. G., Matthay, K. K., Shimada, H., Grupp, S. A., Seeger, R., Reynolds, C. P., Buxton, A., Reisfeld, R. A., Gillies, S. D., Cohn, S. L., Maris, J. M., and Sondel, P. M. Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N.Engl.J Med. 9-30-2010;363(14):1324-1334.

82520

Torheim, L. E., Ferguson, E. L., Penrose, K., and Arimond, M. Women in resource-poor settings are at risk of inadequate intakes of multiple micronutrients. J Nutr 2010;140(11):2051S-2058S.

82521

Pakasi, T. A., Karyadi, E., Suratih, N. M., Salean, M., Darmawidjaja, N., Bor, H., van, der, V, Dolmans, W. M., and van der Meer, J. W. Zinc and vitamin A supplementation fails to reduce sputum conversion time in severely malnourished pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Indonesia. Nutr J 2010;9:41.

82522

Lawson, L., Thacher, T. D., Yassin, M. A., Onuoha, N. A., Usman, A., Emenyonu, N. E., Shenkin, A., Davies, P. D., and Cuevas, L. E. Randomized controlled trial of zinc and vitamin A as co-adjuvants for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Trop.Med.Int Health 2010;15(12):1481-1490.

82523

van den Broek, N., Kulier, R., Gulmezoglu, A. M., and Villar, J. WITHDRAWN: Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev 2010;(11):CD001996.

82524

Sundstrom, A., Alfredsson, L., Sjolin-Forsberg, G., Gerden, B., Bergman, U., and Jokinen, J. Association of suicide attempts with acne and treatment with isotretinoin: retrospective Swedish cohort study. BMJ 2010;341:c5812.

82525

Lee, J. W., Yoo, K. H., Park, K. Y., Han, T. Y., Li, K., Seo, S. J., and Hong, C. K. Effectiveness of conventional, low-dose and intermittent oral isotretinoin in the treatment of acne: a randomized, controlled comparative study. Br.J Dermatol. 2011;164(6):1369-1375.

82526

Ulbricht, C. E. and Chao, W. Phytochemicals in the oncology setting. Curr Treat Options.Oncol. 2010;11(3-4):95-106.

82527

Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Mayo-Wilson, E., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from 6 months to 5 years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(12):CD008524.

82528

Chu, K. J., Lai, E. C., Yao, X. P., Zhang, H. W., Lau, W. Y., Fu, X. H., Lu, C. D., Shi, J., and Cheng, S. Q. Vitamin analogues in chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection or ablation--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 2010;33(3):120-126.

82529

Li, Q. H., Chen, Q. M., and Zeng, X. [Application of Cochrane systematic reviews in diagnosis and treatment for oral mucosal diseases]. Hua Xi.Kou Qiang.Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2010;28(5):573-575.

82530

Shimizu, M., Sakai, H., and Moriwaki, H. Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma by acyclic retinoid. Front Biosci.(Landmark.Ed) 2011;16:759-769.

82531

Elad, S., Epstein, J. B., von, Bultzingslowen, I, Drucker, S., Tzach, R., and Yarom, N. Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; Part II: miscellaneous agents. Expert.Opin.Emerg.Drugs 2011;16(1):183-202.

82532

Wiysonge, C. S., Shey, M., Kongnyuy, E. J., Sterne, J. A., and Brocklehurst, P. Vitamin A supplementation for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(1):CD003648.

82533

Rumbold, A., Middleton, P., Pan, N., and Crowther, C. A. Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(1):CD004073.

82534

PrayGod, G., Range, N., Faurholt-Jepsen, D., Jeremiah, K., Faurholt-Jepsen, M., Aabye, M. G., Jensen, L., Jensen, A. V., Grewal, H. M., Magnussen, P., Changalucha, J., Andersen, A. B., and Friis, H. Daily multi-micronutrient supplementation during tuberculosis treatment increases weight and grip strength among HIV-uninfected but not HIV-infected patients in Mwanza, Tanzania. J Nutr 4-1-2011;141(4):685-691.

82536

Paul, C. and Ortonne, J. P. Use of conventional systemic treatments in psoriasis: systematic review and expert opinion of a panel of dermatologists. J Eur.Acad.Dermatol.Venereol. 2011;25 Suppl 2:1.

82537

Sbidian, E., Maza, A., Montaudie, H., Gallini, A., Aractingi, S., Aubin, F., Cribier, B., Joly, P., Jullien, D., Le, Maitre M., Misery, L., Richard, M. A., Paul, C., Ortonne, J. P., and Bachelez, H. Efficacy and safety of oral retinoids in different psoriasis subtypes: a systematic literature review. J Eur.Acad.Dermatol.Venereol. 2011;25 Suppl 2:28-33.

82538

Ruzicka, T., Sommerburg, C., Braun-Falco, O., Koster, W., Lengen, W., Lensing, W., Letzel, H., Meigel, W. N., Paul, E., Przybilla, B., and . Efficiency of acitretin in combination with UV-B in the treatment of severe psoriasis. Arch.Dermatol. 1990;126(4):482-486.

82539

Le Maitre, M. and Battistella, M. [Meetings of the Psoriasis Experts: recommendations for daily practice]. Ann.Dermatol.Venereol. 2011;138(2 Suppl 1):H8-10.

82540

Imdad, A., Sadiq, K., and Bhutta, Z. A. Evidence-based prevention of childhood malnutrition. Curr.Opin.Clin.Nutr Metab Care 2011;14(3):276-285.

82541

Wakai, K., Matsuo, K., Nagata, C., Mizoue, T., Tanaka, K., Tsuji, I., Sasazuki, S., Shimazu, T., Sawada, N., Inoue, M., and Tsugane, S. Lung cancer risk and consumption of vegetables and fruit: an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiological evidence from Japan. Jpn.J Clin.Oncol. 2011;41(5):693-708.

82543

Mathew, J. L., Shah, D., Gera, T., Gogia, S., Mohan, P., Panda, R., Menon, S., and Gupta, P. UNICEF-PHFI Series on newborn and child health, India: methodology for systematic reviews on child health priorities for advocacy and action. Indian Pediatr. 2011;48(3):183-189.

82544

Mathew, J. L., Patwari, A. K., Gupta, P., Shah, D., Gera, T., Gogia, S., Mohan, P., Panda, R., and Menon, S. Acute respiratory infection and pneumonia in India: a systematic review of literature for advocacy and action: UNICEF-PHFI series on newborn and child health, India. Indian Pediatr. 2011;48(3):191-218.

82545

Bello, S., Meremikwu, M. M., Ejemot-Nwadiaro, R. I., and Oduwole, O. Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(4):CD007719.

82546

Imdad, A. and Bhutta, Z. A. Effect of preventive zinc supplementation on linear growth in children under 5 years of age in developing countries: a meta-analysis of studies for input to the lives saved tool. BMC.Public Health 2011;11 Suppl 3:S22.

82548

Leyden, J. J., Preston, N., Osborn, C., and Gottschalk, R. W. In-vivo Effectiveness of Adapalene 0.1%/Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% Gel on Antibiotic-sensitive and Resistant Propionibacterium acnes. J Clin.Aesthet.Dermatol. 2011;4(5):22-26.

82549

Webster, G. F. Evidence-based review: fixed-combination therapy and topical retinoids in the treatment of acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(6):636-644.

82550

Boulinguez, S. [News on psoriasis from the 2010 Dermatology Days in Paris]. Ann.Dermatol.Venereol. 2011;138(5 Suppl 1):H1-H5.

82552

Foulkes, A. C., Grindlay, D. J., Griffiths, C. E., and Warren, R. B. What's new in psoriasis? An analysis of guidelines and systematic reviews published in 2009-2010. Clin.Exp.Dermatol. 2011;36(6):585-589.

82553

Kawarazuka, N. and Bene, C. The potential role of small fish species in improving micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries: building evidence. Public Health Nutr 2011;14(11):1927-1938.

82554

Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107.

82556

Wang, H., Chen, X. Y., Wang, B. S., Rong, Z. X., Qi, H., and Chen, H. Z. The efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide with or without all-trans retinoic acid for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: a meta-analysis. Leuk.Res 2011;35(9):1170-1177.

82557

Gomez-Flores, M., Garcia-Hidalgo, L., Fierro-Arias, L., Ruiz-Avila, J., Herz-Ruelas, M., and Garza-Gomez, J. [Position paper about isotretinoin on acne vulgaris]. Rev.Med.Inst.Mex.Seguro.Soc. 2011;49(3):281-288.

82558

Matsunami, E., Takashima, A., Mizuno, N., Jinno, T., and Ito, H. Topical PUVA, etretinate, and combined PUVA and etretinate for palmoplantar pustulosis: comparison of therapeutic efficacy and the influences of tonsillar and dental focal infections. J Dermatol. 1990;17(2):92-96.

82559

Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094.

82560

De-Regil, L. M., Suchdev, P. S., Vist, G. E., Walleser, S., and Pena-Rosas, J. P. Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(9):CD008959.

82562

Villablanca, J. G., London, W. B., Naranjo, A., McGrady, P., Ames, M. M., Reid, J. M., McGovern, R. M., Buhrow, S. A., Jackson, H., Stranzinger, E., Kitchen, B. J., Sondel, P. M., Parisi, M. T., Shulkin, B., Yanik, G. A., Cohn, S. L., and Reynolds, C. P. Phase II study of oral capsular 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (4-HPR/fenretinide) in pediatric patients with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Clin.Cancer Res 11-1-2011;17(21):6858-6866.

82563

Hussey, G. D. and Klein, M. A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles. N Engl.J Med 7-19-1990;323(3):160-164.

82564

Weber, D. and Grune, T. The contribution of beta-carotene to vitamin A supply of humans. Mol.Nutr.Food Res. 2012;56(2):251-258.

82565

Darlow, B. A. and Graham, P. J. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(10):CD000501.

82566

Haider, B. A. and Bhutta, Z. A. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in developing countries. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(10):CD006980.

82567

Gogia, S. and Sachdev, H. S. Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants six months of age or less. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(10):CD007480.

82568

Thielitz, A. and Gollnick, H. [Rosacea. Systemic therapy with retinoids]. Hautarzt 2011;62(11):820-827.

82569

Rahmathullah, L., Underwood, B. A., Thulasiraj, R. D., Milton, R. C., Ramaswamy, K., Rahmathullah, R., and Babu, G. Reduced mortality among children in southern India receiving a small weekly dose of vitamin A. N Engl.J Med 10-4-1990;323(14):929-935.

82570

Sinclair, D., Abba, K., Grobler, L., and Sudarsanam, T. D. Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(11):CD006086.

82571

Simpson, R. C., Grindlay, D. J., and Williams, H. C. What's new in acne? An analysis of systematic reviews and clinically significant trials published in 2010-11. Clin.Exp.Dermatol. 2011;36(8):840-843.

82572

Bailey, E. E., Ference, E. H., Alikhan, A., Hession, M. T., and Armstrong, A. W. Combination treatments for psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch.Dermatol. 2012;148(4):511-522.

82573

Albrecht, L., Bourcier, M., Ashkenas, J., Papp, K., Shear, N., Toole, J., Vender, R., and Wasel, N. Topical psoriasis therapy in the age of biologics: evidence-based treatment recommendations. J Cutan.Med.Surg. 2011;15(6):309-321.

82574

Panth, M., Shatrugna, V., Yasodhara, P., and Sivakumar, B. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on haemoglobin and vitamin A levels during pregnancy. Br J Nutr 1990;64(2):351-358.

82575

Gamble, R., Dunn, J., Dawson, A., Petersen, B., McLaughlin, L., Small, A., Kindle, S., and Dellavalle, R. P. Topical antimicrobial treatment of acne vulgaris: an evidence-based review. Am J Clin.Dermatol. 6-1-2012;13(3):141-152.

82576

Zeichner, J. A. Optimizing topical combination therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(3):313-317.

82577

Eichler, K., Wieser, S., Ruthemann, I., and Brugger, U. Effects of micronutrient fortified milk and cereal food for infants and children: a systematic review. BMC.Public Health 2012;12:506.

82578

Cyrulnik, A. A., Viola, K. V., Gewirtzman, A. J., and Cohen, S. R. High-dose isotretinoin in acne vulgaris: improved treatment outcomes and quality of life. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51(9):1123-1130.

82579

Masetti, R., Biagi, C., Zama, D., Vendemini, F., Martoni, A., Morello, W., Gasperini, P., and Pession, A. Retinoids in pediatric onco-hematology: the model of acute promyelocytic leukemia and neuroblastoma. Adv.Ther. 2012;29(9):747-762.

82580

Hanson, B., MacDonald, R., and Shaukat, A. Endoscopic and medical therapy for chronic radiation proctopathy: a systematic review. Dis.Colon Rectum 2012;55(10):1081-1095.

82581

Bloem, M. W., Wedel, M., van Agtmaal, E. J., Speek, A. J., Saowakontha, S., and Schreurs, W. H. Vitamin A intervention: short-term effects of a single, oral, massive dose on iron metabolism. Am.J Clin.Nutr 1990;51(1):76-79.

82582

Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., Amann, M., Anderson, H. R., Andrews, K. G., Aryee, M., Atkinson, C., Bacchus, L. J., Bahalim, A. N., Balakrishnan, K., Balmes, J., Barker-Collo, S., Baxter, A., Bell, M. L., Blore, J. D., Blyth, F., Bonner, C., Borges, G., Bourne, R., Boussinesq, M., Brauer, M., Brooks, P., Bruce, N. G., Brunekreef, B., Bryan-Hancock, C., Bucello, C., Buchbinder, R., Bull, F., Burnett, R. T., Byers, T. E., Calabria, B., Carapetis, J., Carnahan, E., Chafe, Z., Charlson, F., Chen, H., Chen, J. S., Cheng, A. T., Child, J. C., Cohen, A., Colson, K. E., Cowie, B. C., Darby, S., Darling, S., Davis, A., Degenhardt, L., Dentener, F., Des Jarlais, D. C., Devries, K., Dherani, M., Ding, E. L., Dorsey, E. R., Driscoll, T., Edmond, K., Ali, S. E., Engell, R. E., Erwin, P. J., Fahimi, S., Falder, G., Farzadfar, F., Ferrari, A., Finucane, M. M., Flaxman, S., Fowkes, F. G., Freedman, G., Freeman, M. K., Gakidou, E., Ghosh, S., Giovannucci, E., Gmel, G., Graham, K., Grainger, R., Grant, B., Gunnell, D., Gutierrez, H. R., Hall, W., Hoek, H. W., Hogan, A., Hosgood, H. D., III, Hoy, D., Hu, H., Hubbell, B. J., Hutchings, S. J., Ibeanusi, S. E., Jacklyn, G. L., Jasrasaria, R., Jonas, J. B., Kan, H., Kanis, J. A., Kassebaum, N., Kawakami, N., Khang, Y. H., Khatibzadeh, S., Khoo, J. P., Kok, C., Laden, F., Lalloo, R., Lan, Q., Lathlean, T., Leasher, J. L., Leigh, J., Li, Y., Lin, J. K., Lipshultz, S. E., London, S., Lozano, R., Lu, Y., Mak, J., Malekzadeh, R., Mallinger, L., Marcenes, W., March, L., Marks, R., Martin, R., McGale, P., McGrath, J., Mehta, S., Mensah, G. A., Merriman, T. R., Micha, R., Michaud, C., Mishra, V., Mohd, Hanafiah K., Mokdad, A. A., Morawska, L., Mozaffarian, D., Murphy, T., Naghavi, M., Neal, B., Nelson, P. K., Nolla, J. M., Norman, R., Olives, C., Omer, S. B., Orchard, J., Osborne, R., Ostro, B., Page, A., Pandey, K. D., Parry, C. D., Passmore, E., Patra, J., Pearce, N., Pelizzari, P. M., Petzold, M., Phillips, M. R., Pope, D., Pope, C. A., III, Powles, J., Rao, M., Razavi, H., Rehfuess, E. A., Rehm, J. T., Ritz, B., Rivara, F. P., Roberts, T., Robinson, C., Rodriguez-Portales, J. A., Romieu, I., Room, R., Rosenfeld, L. C., Roy, A., Rushton, L., Salomon, J. A., Sampson, U., Sanchez-Riera, L., Sanman, E., Sapkota, A., Seedat, S., Shi, P., Shield, K., Shivakoti, R., Singh, G. M., Sleet, D. A., Smith, E., Smith, K. R., Stapelberg, N. J., Steenland, K., Stockl, H., Stovner, L. J., Straif, K., Straney, L., Thurston, G. D., Tran, J. H., Van, Dingenen R., van, Donkelaar A., Veerman, J. L., Vijayakumar, L., Weintraub, R., Weissman, M. M., White, R. A., Whiteford, H., Wiersma, S. T., Wilkinson, J. D., Williams, H. C., Williams, W., Wilson, N., Woolf, A. D., Yip, P., Zielinski, J. M., Lopez, A. D., Murray, C. J., Ezzati, M., AlMazroa, M. A., and Memish, Z. A. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 12-15-2012;380(9859):2224-2260.

82583

Etminan, M., Bird, S. T., Delaney, J. A., Bressler, B., and Brophy, J. M. Isotretinoin and risk for inflammatory bowel disease: a nested case-control study and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(2):216-220.

82584

Ziegler, R. G., Brinton, L. A., Hamman, R. F., Lehman, H. F., Levine, R. S., Mallin, K., Norman, S. A., Rosenthal, J. F., Trumble, A. C., and Hoover, R. N. Diet and the risk of invasive cervical cancer among white women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132(3):432-445.

82586

Berbis, P., Geiger, J. M., Vaisse, C., Rognin, C., and Privat, Y. Benefit of progressively increasing doses during the initial treatment with acitretin in psoriasis. Dermatologica 1989;178(2):88-92.

82587

Lauharanta, J. and Geiger, J. M. A double-blind comparison of acitretin and etretinate in combination with bath PUVA in the treatment of extensive psoriasis. Br.J Dermatol. 1989;121(1):107-112.

82588

Olsen, E. A., Weed, W. W., Meyer, C. J., and Cobo, L. M. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acitretin for the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1989;21(4 Pt 1):681-686.

82589

Meffert, H. and Sonnichsen, N. Acitretin in the treatment of severe psoriasis: a randomized double-blind study comparing acitretin and etretinate. Acta Derm.Venereol.Suppl (Stockh) 1989;146:176-177.

82590

Torok, L., Galuska, L., Kasa, M., and Kadar, L. Bone-scintigraphic examinations in patients treated with retinoids: a prospective study. Br.J Dermatol. 1989;120(1):31-36.

82591

Kragballe, K., Jansen, C. T., Geiger, J. M., Bjerke, J. R., Falk, E. S., Gip, L., Hjorth, N., Lauharanta, J., Mork, N. J., Reunala, T., and . A double-blind comparison of acitretin and etretinate in the treatment of severe psoriasis. Results of a Nordic multicentre study. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1989;69(1):35-40.

82592

Iscovich, J. M., Iscovich, R. B., Howe, G., Shiboski, S., and Kaldor, J. M. A case-control study of diet and breast cancer in Argentina. Int J Cancer 11-15-1989;44(5):770-776.

82593

Leyden, J. J., Grove, G. L., Grove, M. J., Thorne, E. G., and Lufrano, L. Treatment of photodamaged facial skin with topical tretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21(3 Pt 2):638-644.

82594

Verreault, R., Chu, J., Mandelson, M., and Shy, K. A case-control study of diet and invasive cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 6-15-1989;43(6):1050-1054.

82595

Bloem, M. W., Wedel, M., Egger, R. J., Speek, A. J., Schrijver, J., Saowakontha, S., and Schreurs, W. H. Iron metabolism and vitamin A deficiency in children in northeast Thailand. Am.J Clin.Nutr 1989;50(2):332-338.

82596

Sommer, A., Tarwotjo, I., Djunaedi, E., West, K. P., Jr., Loeden, A. A., Tilden, R., and Mele, L. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on childhood mortality. A randomised controlled community trial. Lancet 5-24-1986;1(8491):1169-1173.

82597

Lassus, A., Geiger, J. M., Nyblom, M., Virrankoski, T., Kaartamaa, M., and Ingervo, L. Treatment of severe psoriasis with etretin (RO 10-1670). Br.J Dermatol. 1987;117(3):333-341.

82598

Halkier-Sorensen, L. and Andresen, J. A retrospective study of bone changes in adults treated with etretinate. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1989;20(1):83-87.

82599

Kingston, T. P., Matt, L. H., and Lowe, N. J. Etretin therapy for severe psoriasis. Evaluation of initial clinical responses. Arch.Dermatol. 1987;123(1):55-58.

82600

Goldfarb, M. T., Ellis, C. N., Gupta, A. K., Tincoff, T., Hamilton, T. A., and Voorhees, J. J. Acitretin improves psoriasis in a dose-dependent fashion. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1988;18(4 Pt 1):655-662.

82601

Kilcoyne, R. F. Effects of retinoids in bone. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1988;19(1 Pt 2):212-216.

82602

Gollnick, H., Bauer, R., Brindley, C., Orfanos, C. E., Plewig, G., Wokalek, H., and Hoting, E. Acitretin versus etretinate in psoriasis. Clinical and pharmacokinetic results of a German multicenter study. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1988;19(3):458-468.

82603

Lassus, A. and Geiger, J. M. Acitretin and etretinate in the treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis: a double-blind comparative trial. Br.J Dermatol. 1988;119(6):755-759.

82604

Saurat, J. H., Geiger, J. M., Amblard, P., Beani, J. C., Boulanger, A., Claudy, A., Frenk, E., Guilhou, J. J., Grosshans, E., Merot, Y., and . Randomized double-blind multicenter study comparing acitretin-PUVA, etretinate-PUVA and placebo-PUVA in the treatment of severe psoriasis. Dermatologica 1988;177(4):218-224.

82605

Ledo, A., Martin, M., Geiger, J. M., and Marron, J. M. Acitretin (Ro 10-1670) in the treatment of severe psoriasis. A randomized double-blind parallel study comparing acitretin and etretinate. Int J Dermatol. 1988;27(9):656-660.

82607

Barclay, A. J., Foster, A., and Sommer, A. Vitamin A supplements and mortality related to measles: a randomised clinical trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1-31-1987;294(6567):294-296.

82608

West, K. P., Jr., Djunaedi, E., Pandji, A., Kusdiono, Tarwotjo, I., and Sommer, A. Vitamin A supplementation and growth: a randomized community trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48(5):1257-1264.

82609

Muhilal, Permeisih, D., Idjradinata, Y. R., Muherdiyantiningsih, and Karyadi, D. Vitamin A-fortified monosodium glutamate and health, growth, and survival of children: a controlled field trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48(5):1271-1276.

82610

Worner, T. M., Gordon, G. G., Leo, M. A., and Lieber, C. S. Vitamin A treatment of sexual dysfunction in male alcoholics. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48(6):1431-1435.

82611

Wilson, D. J., Kay, V., Charig, M., Hughes, D. G., and Creasy, T. S. Skeletal hyperostosis and extraosseous calcification in patients receiving long-term etretinate (Tigason). Br.J Dermatol. 1988;119(5):597-607.

82612

Rosen, K., Mobacken, H., and Swanbeck, G. PUVA, etretinate, and PUVA-etretinate therapy for pustulosis palmoplantaris. A placebo-controlled comparative trial. Arch.Dermatol. 1987;123(7):885-889.

82613

Shenai, J. P., Kennedy, K. A., Chytil, F., and Stahlman, M. T. Clinical trial of vitamin A supplementation in infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr 1987;111(2):269-277.

82614

Katsouyanni, K., Willett, W., Trichopoulos, D., Boyle, P., Trichopoulou, A., Vasilaros, S., Papadiamantis, J., and MacMahon, B. Risk of breast cancer among Greek women in relation to nutrient intake. Cancer 1-1-1988;61(1):181-185.

82615

Weiss, J. S., Ellis, C. N., Headington, J. T., Tincoff, T., Hamilton, T. A., and Voorhees, J. J. Topical tretinoin improves photoaged skin. A double-blind vehicle-controlled study. JAMA 1-22-1988;259(4):527-532.

82617

Stich, H. F., Hornby, A. P., Mathew, B., Sankaranarayanan, R., and Nair, M. K. Response of oral leukoplakias to the administration of vitamin A. Cancer Lett 1988;40(1):93-101.

82618

La Vecchia, C., Decarli, A., Fasoli, M., Parazzini, F., Franceschi, S., Gentile, A., and Negri, E. Dietary vitamin A and the risk of intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasia. Gynecol.Oncol. 1988;30(2):187-195.

82619

Brock, K. E., Berry, G., Mock, P. A., MacLennan, R., Truswell, A. S., and Brinton, L. A. Nutrients in diet and plasma and risk of in situ cervical cancer. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 6-15-1988;80(8):580-585.

82620

Rohan, T. E., McMichael, A. J., and Baghurst, P. A. A population-based case-control study of diet and breast cancer in Australia. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128(3):478-489.

82621

DiGiovanna, J. J., Helfgott, R. K., Gerber, L. H., and Peck, G. L. Extraspinal tendon and ligament calcification associated with long-term therapy with etretinate. N.Engl.J Med. 11-6-1986;315(19):1177-1182.

82622

Giustina, T. A., Stewart, J. C., Ellis, C. N., Regezi, J. A., Annesley, T., Woo, T. Y., and Voorhees, J. J. Topical application of isotretinoin gel improves oral lichen planus. A double-blind study. Arch.Dermatol. 1986;122(5):534-536.

82625

Hong, W. K., Endicott, J., Itri, L. M., Doos, W., Batsakis, J. G., Bell, R., Fofonoff, S., Byers, R., Atkinson, E. N., Vaughan, C., and . 13-cis-retinoic acid in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. N Engl.J Med 12-11-1986;315(24):1501-1505.

82626

White, S. I., Puttick, L., and Marks, J. M. Low-dose etretinate in the maintenance of remission of palmoplantar pustular psoriasis. Br.J Dermatol. 1986;115(5):577-582.

82627

Gilbert, M., Ellis, C. N., and Voorhees, J. J. Lack of skeletal radiographic changes during short-term etretinate therapy for psoriasis. Dermatologica 1986;172(3):160-163.

82628

Harris, R. W., Forman, D., Doll, R., Vessey, M. P., and Wald, N. J. Cancer of the cervix uteri and vitamin A. Br.J Cancer 1986;53(5):653-659.

82629

Melnik, B., Gluck, S., Jungblut, R. M., and Goerz, G. Retrospective radiographic study of skeletal changes after long-term etretinate therapy. Br.J Dermatol. 1987;116(2):207-212.

82630

Clark, M. A study of four methods of nipple care offered to post partum mothers. N Z Nurs J 1985;78(6):16-18.

82631

Hopkins, R., Bird, H. A., Jones, H., Hill, J., Surrall, K. E., Astbury, C., Miller, A., and Wright, V. A double-blind controlled trial of etretinate (Tigason) and ibuprofen in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1985;44(3):189-193.

82632

Lassus, A., Lauharanta, J., and Eskelinen, A. The effect of etretinate compared with different regimens of PUVA in the treatment of persistent palmoplantar pustulosis. Br.J Dermatol. 1985;112(4):455-459.

82633

Dubertret, L., Chastang, C., Beylot, C., Bazex, J., Rognin, C., and Touraine, R. Maintenance treatment of psoriasis by Tigason: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Br.J Dermatol. 1985;113(3):323-330.

82634

White, S. I., Marks, J. M., and Shuster, S. Etretinate in pustular psoriasis of palms and soles. Br.J Dermatol. 1985;113(5):581-585.

82635

Wolska, H., Jablonska, S., Langner, A., and Fraczykowska, M. Etretinate therapy in generalized pustular psoriasis (Zumbusch type). Immediate and long-term results. Dermatologica 1985;171(5):297-304.

82637

Sloberg, K., Hersle, K., Mobacken, H., and Thilander, H. Topical tretinoin therapy and oral lichen planus. Arch.Dermatol. 1979;115(6):716-718.

82638

Ajans, Z. A., Sarrif, A., and Husbands, M. Inluence of vitamin A on human colostrum and early milk. Am J Clin Nutr 1965;17(3):139-142.

82640

Lassus, A., Lauharanta, J., Juvakoski, T., and Kanerva, L. Efficacy of etretinate (Tigason) in clearing and prevention of relapse of palmoplantar pustulosis. Dermatologica 1983;166(4):215-219.

82641

Foged, E., Holm, P., Larsen, P. O., Laurberg, G., Reymann, F., Roesdahle, K., and Ullman, S. A randomized trial of etretinate (Tigason) in palmoplantar pustulosis. Dermatologica 1983;166(4):220-223.

82642

Parker, S., Coburn, P., Lawrence, C., Marks, J., and Shuster, S. A randomized double-blind comparison of PUVA-etretinate and PUVA-placebo in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Br.J Dermatol. 1984;110(2):215-220.

82643

Marshall, J. R., Graham, S., Byers, T., Swanson, M., and Brasure, J. Diet and smoking in the epidemiology of cancer of the cervix. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 1983;70(5):847-851.

82644

Zegarelli, D. J. Treatment of oral lichen planus with topical vitamin A acid. J Oral Med. 1984;39(3):186-191.

82645

Lawrence, C. M., Marks, J., Parker, S., and Shuster, S. A comparison of PUVA-etretinate and PUVA-placebo for palmoplantar pustular psoriasis. Br.J Dermatol. 1984;110(2):221-226.

82646

Christiansen, J. V., Holm, P., Moller, R., Reymann, F., and Schmidt, H. Etretinate (Tigason) and betamethasone valerate (Celeston valerate) in the treatment of psoriasis. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. Dermatologica 1982;165(3):204-207.

82647

Lotan, R. Effects of vitamin A and its analogs (retinoids) on normal and neoplastic cells. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 3-12-1980;605(1):33-91.

82648

Baqui, A. H., de, Francisco A., Arifeen, S. E., Siddique, A. K., and Sack, R. B. Bulging fontanelle after supplementation with 25,000 IU of vitamin A in infancy using immunization contacts. Acta Paediatr. 1995;84(8):863-866.

82649

Taylor, P. R., Wang, G. Q., Dawsey, S. M., Guo, W., Mark, S. D., Li, J. Y., Blot, W. J., and Li, B. Effect of nutrition intervention on intermediate endpoints in esophageal and gastric carcinogenesis. Am J Clin.Nutr 1995;62(6 Suppl):1420S-1423S.

82650

Filteau, S. M., Morris, S. S., Raynes, J. G., Arthur, P., Ross, D. A., Kirkwood, B. R., Tomkins, A. M., and Gyapong, J. O. Vitamin A supplementation, morbidity, and serum acute-phase proteins in young Ghanaian children. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(2):434-438.

82651

Griffiths, C. E., Kang, S., Ellis, C. N., Kim, K. J., Finkel, L. J., Ortiz-Ferrer, L. C., White, G. M., Hamilton, T. A., and Voorhees, J. J. Two concentrations of topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) cause similar improvement of photoaging but different degrees of irritation. A double-blind, vehicle-controlled comparison of 0.1% and 0.025% tretinoin creams. Arch Dermatol 1995;131(9):1037-1044.

82652

Meyskens, F. L., Jr., Kopecky, K. J., Appelbaum, F. R., Balcerzak, S. P., Samlowski, W., and Hynes, H. Effects of vitamin A on survival in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia: a SWOG randomized trial. Leuk.Res 1995;19(9):605-612.

82653

Pike, J. and Chandra, R. K. Effect of vitamin and trace element supplementation on immune indices in healthy elderly. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1995;65(2):117-121.

82654

West, K. P., Jr., Katz, J., Shrestha, S. R., LeClerq, S. C., Khatry, S. K., Pradhan, E. K., Adhikari, R., Wu, L. S., Pokhrel, R. P., and Sommer, A. Mortality of infants < 6 mo of age supplemented with vitamin A: a randomized, double-masked trial in Nepal. Am J Clin.Nutr 1995;62(1):143-148.

82655

Stern, R. S., Fitzgerald, E., Ellis, C. N., Lowe, N., Goldfarb, M. T., and Baughman, R. D. The safety of etretinate as long-term therapy for psoriasis: results of the etretinate follow-up study. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1995;33(1):44-52.

82656

Coutsoudis, A., Bobat, R. A., Coovadia, H. M., Kuhn, L., Tsai, W. Y., and Stein, Z. A. The effects of vitamin A supplementation on the morbidity of children born to HIV-infected women. Am J Public Health 1995;85(8 Pt 1):1076-1081.

82657

Bavinck, J. N., Tieben, L. M., Van der Woude, F. J., Tegzess, A. M., Hermans, J., ter, Schegget J., and Vermeer, B. J. Prevention of skin cancer and reduction of keratotic skin lesions during acitretin therapy in renal transplant recipients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(8):1933-1938.

82658

Ross, D. A., Kirkwood, B. R., Binka, F. N., Arthur, P., Dollimore, N., Morris, S. S., Shier, R. P., Gyapong, J. O., and Smith, P. G. Child morbidity and mortality following vitamin A supplementation in Ghana: time since dosing, number of doses, and time of year. Am J Public Health 1995;85(9):1246-1251.

82659

Villablanca, J. G., Khan, A. A., Avramis, V. I., Seeger, R. C., Matthay, K. K., Ramsay, N. K., and Reynolds, C. P. Phase I trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid in children with neuroblastoma following bone marrow transplantation. J Clin.Oncol. 1995;13(4):894-901.

82660

Stabell, C., Bale, C., Pedro da, Silva A., Olsen, J., and Aaby, P. No evidence of fontanelle-bulging episodes after vitamin A supplementation of 6- and 9-month-old infants in Guinea Bissau. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49(1):73-74.

82661

Kjolhede, C. L., Chew, F. J., Gadomski, A. M., and Marroquin, D. P. Clinical trial of vitamin A as adjuvant treatment for lower respiratory tract infections. J Pediatr 1995;126(5 Pt 1):807-812.

82663

Ramakrishnan, U., Latham, M. C., Abel, R., and Frongillo, E. A., Jr. Vitamin A supplementation and morbidity among preschool children in south India. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(6):1295-1303.

82664

de la Maza, M. P., Petermann, M., Bunout, D., and Hirsch, S. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation in alcoholic cirrhotics. J Am Coll Nutr 1995;14(2):192-196.

82665

Bhandari, N., Bhan, M. K., and Sazawal, S. Impact of massive dose of vitamin A given to preschool children with acute diarrhoea on subsequent respiratory and diarrhoeal morbidity. BMJ 11-26-1994;309(6966):1404-1407.

82666

Mahrle, G., Schulze, H. J., Farber, L., Weidinger, G., and Steigleder, G. K. Low-dose short-term cyclosporine versus etretinate in psoriasis: improvement of skin, nail, and joint involvement. J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1995;32(1):78-88.

82667

Ramakrishnan, U., Latham, M. C., and Abel, R. Vitamin A supplementation does not improve growth of preschool children: a randomized, double-blind field trial in south India. J Nutr 1995;125(2):202-211.

82668

D'Alessandro, U., Olaleye, B. O., McGuire, W., Langerock, P., Bennett, S., Aikins, M. K., Thomson, M. C., Cham, M. K., Cham, B. A., and Greenwood, B. M. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. Lancet 2-25-1995;345(8948):479-483.

82669

Barreto, M. L., Santos, L. M., Assis, A. M., Araujo, M. P., Farenzena, G. G., Santos, P. A., and Fiaccone, R. L. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections in young children in Brazil. Lancet 7-23-1994;344(8917):228-231.

82670

Meyskens, F. L., Jr., Liu, P. Y., Tuthill, R. J., Sondak, V. K., Fletcher, W. S., Jewell, W. R., Samlowski, W., Balcerzak, S. P., Rector, D. J., Noyes, R. D., and . Randomized trial of vitamin A versus observation as adjuvant therapy in high-risk primary malignant melanoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12(10):2060-2065.

82671

Alonso, P. L., Smith, T., Schellenberg, J. R., Masanja, H., Mwankusye, S., Urassa, H., Bastos, de Azevedo, I, Chongela, J., Kobero, S., Menendez, C., and . Randomised trial of efficacy of SPf66 vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in southern Tanzania. Lancet 10-29-1994;344(8931):1175-1181.

82672

Landa, M. C., Frago, N., and Tres, A. Diet and the risk of breast cancer in Spain. Eur.J Cancer Prev. 1994;3(4):313-320.

82673

Biswas, R., Biswas, A. B., Manna, B., Bhattacharya, S. K., Dey, R., and Sarkar, S. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute respiratory tract infection in children. A double blind placebo controlled trial in a Calcutta slum community. Eur J Epidemiol 1994;10(1):57-61.

82674

Lowe, P. M., Woods, J., Lewis, A., Davies, A., and Cooper, A. J. Topical tretinoin improves the appearance of photo damaged skin. Australas.J Dermatol 1994;35(1):1-9.

82676

Underwood, B. A. Was the "anti-infective" vitamin misnamed? Nutr Rev 1994;52(4):140-143.

82677

Schorah, C. J. Micronutrient provision in elderly subjects. Lancet 1-30-1993;341(8840):306-307.

82678

No authors. Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality. Ghana VAST Study Team. Lancet 7-3-1993;342(8862):7-12.

82679

de Francisco, ., Chakraborty, J., Chowdhury, H. R., Yunus, M., Baqui, A. H., Siddique, A. K., and Sack, R. B. Acute toxicity of vitamin A given with vaccines in infancy. Lancet 8-28-1993;342(8870):526-527.

82680

Stansfield, S. K., Pierre-Louis, M., Lerebours, G., and Augustin, A. Vitamin A supplementation and increased prevalence of childhood diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections. Lancet 9-4-1993;342(8871):578-582.

82681

Ogaro, F. O., Orinda, V. A., Onyango, F. E., and Black, R. E. Effect of vitamin A on diarrhoeal and respiratory complications of measles. Trop.Geogr.Med 1993;45(6):283-286.

82682

Werkman, S. H., Peeples, J. M., Cooke, R. J., Tolley, E. A., and Carlson, S. E. Effect of vitamin A supplementation of intravenous lipids on early vitamin A intake and status of premature infants. Am J Clin.Nutr 1994;59(3):586-592.

82683

Mark, S. D., Liu, S. F., Li, J. Y., Gail, M. H., Shen, Q., Dawsey, S. M., Liu, F., Taylor, P. R., Li, B., and Blot, W. J. The effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on esophageal cytology: results from the Linxian Dysplasia Trial. Int J Cancer 4-15-1994;57(2):162-166.

82684

Sandler, D. L., Cooper, P. A., Bolton, K. D., Bental, R. Y., and Simchowitz, I. D. Periventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage in low-birth-weight infants at Baragwanath Hospital. S.Afr.Med.J 1994;84(1):26-29.

82685

Kullavanijaya, P. and Kulthanan, K. Clinical efficacy and side effects of acitretin on the disorders of keratinization: a one-year study. J Dermatol. 1993;20(8):501-506.

82686

Li, J. Y., Li, B., Blot, W. J., and Taylor, P. R. [Preliminary report on the results of nutrition prevention trials of cancer and other common diseases among residents in Linxian, China]. Zhonghua Zhong.Liu Za Zhi. 1993;15(3):165-181.

82687

Butcher, G. P., Rhodes, J. M., Walker, R., Krasner, N., and Jackson, M. J. The effect of antioxidant supplementation on a serum marker of free radical activity and abnormal serum biochemistry in alcoholic patients admitted for detoxification. J Hepatol. 1993;19(1):105-109.

82688

Finzi, A. F., Ippolito, F., Panconesi, E., Giannotti, B., and Rebora, A. Cyclosporin therapy in psoriasis: recommendations for treatment. Italian Multicenter Study Group on Cyclosporin in Psoriasis. Dermatology 1993;187 Suppl 1:38-40.

82689

Gopaldas, T., Gujral, S., and Abbi, R. Prevalence of xerophthalmia and efficacy of vitamin A prophylaxis in preventing xerophthalmia co-existing with malnutrition in rural Indian children. J Trop.Pediatr 1993;39(4):205-208.

82690

Rahman, M. M., Mahalanabis, D., Islam, M. A., and Biswas, E. Can infants and young children eat enough green leafy vegetables from a single traditional meal to meet their daily vitamin A requirements? Eur J Clin Nutr 1993;47(1):68-72.

82691

Fawzi, W. W., Chalmers, T. C., Herrera, M. G., and Mosteller, F. Vitamin A supplementation and child mortality. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2-17-1993;269(7):898-903.

82692

Lie, C., Ying, C., Wang, E. L., Brun, T., and Geissler, C. Impact of large-dose vitamin A supplementation on childhood diarrhoea, respiratory disease and growth. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993;47(2):88-96.

82693

Andreano, J. M., Bergfeld, W. F., and Medendorp, S. V. Tretinoin emollient cream 0.01% for the treatment of photoaged skin. Cleve.Clin J Med 1993;60(1):49-55.

82695

Glasziou, P. P. and Mackerras, D. E. Vitamin A supplementation in infectious diseases: a meta-analysis. BMJ 2-6-1993;306(6874):366-370.

82696

Stoltzfus, R. J., Hakimi, M., Miller, K. W., Rasmussen, K. M., Dawiesah, S., Habicht, J. P., and Dibley, M. J. High dose vitamin A supplementation of breast-feeding Indonesian mothers: effects on the vitamin A status of mother and infant. J Nutr 1993;123(4):666-675.

82697

Quinlan, K. P. and Hayani, K. C. Vitamin A and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Serum levels and supplementation trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc.Med 1996;150(1):25-30.

82698

Moon, T. E., Levine, N., Cartmel, B., Bangert, J., Rodney, S., Schreiber, M., Peng, Y. M., Ritenbaugh, C., Meyskens, F., and Alberts, D. Design and recruitment for retinoid skin cancer prevention (SKICAP) trials. The Southwest Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4(6):661-669.

82699

Negri, E., La, Vecchia C., Franceschi, S., D'Avanzo, B., Talamini, R., Parpinel, M., Ferraroni, M., Filiberti, R., Montella, M., Falcini, F., Conti, E., and Decarli, A. Intake of selected micronutrients and the risk of breast cancer. Int J Cancer 1-17-1996;65(2):140-144.

82700

Kartasasmita, C. B., Rosmayudi, O., Deville, W., and Demedts, M. Plasma retinol level, vitamin A supplementation and acute respiratory infections in children of 1-5 years old in a developing country. Respiratory Diseases Working Group. Tuber.Lung Dis 1995;76(6):563-569.

82701

Rosales, F. J., Kjolhede, C., and Goodman, S. Efficacy of a single oral dose of 200,000 IU of oil-soluble vitamin A in measles-associated morbidity. Am J Epidemiol 3-1-1996;143(5):413-422.

82702

Kirkwood, B. R., Ross, D. A., Arthur, P., Morris, S. S., Dollimore, N., Binka, F. N., Shier, R. P., Gyapong, J. O., Addy, H. A., and Smith, P. G. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on the growth of young children in northern Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63(5):773-781.

82703

Humphrey, J. H., Agoestina, T., Wu, L., Usman, A., Nurachim, M., Subardja, D., Hidayat, S., Tielsch, J., West, K. P., Jr., and Sommer, A. Impact of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant morbidity and mortality. J Pediatr 1996;128(4):489-496.

82704

Dibley, M. J., Sadjimin, T., Kjolhede, C. L., and Moulton, L. H. Vitamin A supplementation fails to reduce incidence of acute respiratory illness and diarrhea in preschool-age Indonesian children. J Nutr 1996;126(2):434-442.

82705

Chawla, P. K. and Puri, R. Impact of nutritional supplements on hematological profile of pregnant women. Indian Pediatr. 1995;32(8):876-880.

82706

Nevill, C. G., Some, E. S., Mung'ala, V. O., Mutemi, W., New, L., Marsh, K., Lengeler, C., and Snow, R. W. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop.Med Int Health 1996;1(2):139-146.

82707

Binka, F. N., Kubaje, A., Adjuik, M., Williams, L. A., Lengeler, C., Maude, G. H., Armah, G. E., Kajihara, B., Adiamah, J. H., and Smith, P. G. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop.Med Int Health 1996;1(2):147-154.

82708

Kushi, L. H., Fee, R. M., Sellers, T. A., Zheng, W., and Folsom, A. R. Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and postmenopausal breast cancer. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 7-15-1996;144(2):165-174.

82709

Wachnik-Swiecicka, A. and Rudzka-Kantoch, Z. [An evaluation of vitamin A status based on the measurement of retinol in the serum of children and infants]. Pediatr Pol 1995;70(4):303-306.

82710

Shankar, A. V., West, K. P., Jr., Gittelsohn, J., Katz, J., and Pradhan, R. Chronic low intakes of vitamin A-rich foods in households with xerophthalmic children: a case-control study in Nepal. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64(2):242-248.

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Orfanos, C. E., Steigleder, G. K., Pullmann, H., and Bloch, P. H. Oral retinoid and UVB radiation: a new, alternative treatment for psoriasis on an out-patient basis. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1979;59(3):241-244.

82712

Van Dooren-Greebe, R. J., Lemmens, J. A., De, Boo T., Hangx, N. M., Kuijpers, A. L., and van de Kerkhof, P. C. Prolonged treatment with oral retinoids in adults: no influence on the frequency and severity of spinal abnormalities. Br.J Dermatol. 1996;134(1):71-76.

82713

Mork, N. J., Kolbenstvedt, A., and Austad, J. Skeletal side-effects of 5 years' acitretin treatment. Br.J Dermatol. 1996;134(6):1156-1157.

82714

Venkatarao, T., Ramakrishnan, R., Nair, N. G., Radhakrishnan, S., Sundaramoorthy, L., Koya, P. K., and Kumar, S. K. Effect of vitamin A supplementation to mother and infant on morbidity in infancy. Indian Pediatr 1996;33(4):279-286.

82715

Nosten, F., Luxemburger, C., Kyle, D. E., Ballou, W. R., Wittes, J., Wah, E., Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T., Gordon, D. M., White, N. J., Sadoff, J. C., and Heppner, D. G. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of SPf66 malaria vaccine in children in northwestern Thailand. Shoklo SPf66 Malaria Vaccine Trial Group. Lancet 9-14-1996;348(9029):701-707.

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Frigg, M. Meta-analyses/meta-projects: a small but relevant contribution by Sight and Life to the prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50 Suppl 3:S68-S69.

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Potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing countries: a meta-analysis of data from field trials to assess the impact of vitamin A supplementation on pneumonia morbidity and mortality. The Vitamin A and Pneumonia Working Group. Bull World Health Organ 1995;73(5):609-619.

82718

Czeizel, A. E. Reduction of urinary tract and cardiovascular defects by periconceptional multivitamin supplementation. Am J Med Genet 3-15-1996;62(2):179-183.

82719

Kirkwood, B. R., Gove, S., Rogers, S., Lob-Levyt, J., Arthur, P., and Campbell, H. Potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 1995;73(6):793-798.

82720

Thorne, E. G., Lufrano, L., Boateng, F., and Sampson, A. R. Effect of tretinoin emollient cream on photodamaged skin: relationship between clinical improvement and skin irritation. Br J Dermatol 1996;135(4):655-656.

82721

Verhoeven, D. T., Assen, N., Goldbohm, R. A., Dorant, E., van, 't, V, Sturmans, F., Hermus, R. J., and Van den Brandt, P. A. Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br.J Cancer 1997;75(1):149-155.

82722

Pant, C. R., Pokharel, G. P., Curtale, F., Pokhrel, R. P., Grosse, R. N., Lepkowski, J., Muhilal, Bannister, M., Gorstein, J., Pak-Gorstein, S., Atmarita, and Tilden, R. L. Impact of nutrition education and mega-dose vitamin A supplementation on the health of children in Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 1996;74(5):533-545.

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Hogarth, M. B., Marshall, P., Lovat, L. B., Palmer, A. J., Frost, C. G., Fletcher, A. E., Nicholl, C. G., and Bulpitt, C. J. Nutritional supplementation in elderly medical in-patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Age Ageing 1996;25(6):453-457.

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Buajeeb, W., Kraivaphan, P., and Pobrurksa, C. Efficacy of topical retinoic acid compared with topical fluocinolone acetonide in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg.Oral Med.Oral Pathol.Oral Radiol.Endod. 1997;83(1):21-25.

82725

Bahl, R., Bhandari, N., Taneja, S., and Bhan, M. K. The impact of vitamin A supplementation on physical growth of children is dependent on season. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51(1):26-29.

82726

Shann, F. Meta-analysis of trials of prophylactic antibiotics for children with measles: inadequate evidence. BMJ 2-1-1997;314(7077):334-336.

82727

Lemnge, M. M., Msangeni, H. A., Ronn, A. M., Salum, F. M., Jakobsen, P. H., Mhina, J. I., Akida, J. A., and Bygbjerg, I. C. Maloprim malaria prophylaxis in children living in a holoendemic village in north-eastern Tanzania. Trans.R.Soc Trop.Med Hyg. 1997;91(1):68-73.

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Moon, T. E., Levine, N., Cartmel, B., and Bangert, J. L. Retinoids in prevention of skin cancer. Cancer Lett. 3-19-1997;114(1-2):203-205.

82729

Yu, S. Y., Zhu, Y. J., and Li, W. G. Protective role of selenium against hepatitis B virus and primary liver cancer in Qidong. Biol Trace Elem.Res 1997;56(1):117-124.

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Roy, S. K., Islam, A., Molla, A., Akramuzzaman, S. M., Jahan, F., and Fuchs, G. Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breastmilk of mothers and morbidity of their infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51(5):302-307.

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Kennedy, K. A., Stoll, B. J., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Oh, W., Wright, L. L., Stevenson, D. K., Lemons, J. A., Sowell, A., Mele, L., Tyson, J. E., and Verter, J. Vitamin A to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight infants: has the dose been too low? The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Early Hum Dev. 7-24-1997;49(1):19-31.

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Shatrugna, V., Raman, L., Uma, K., and Sujatha, T. Interaction between vitamin A and iron: effects of supplements in pregnancy. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res. 1997;67(3):145-148.

82733

Giles, G. and Ireland, P. Diet, nutrition and prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 1997;Suppl 10:13-17.

82734

Benn, C. S., Aaby, P., Bale, C., Olsen, J., Michaelsen, K. F., George, E., and Whittle, H. Randomised trial of effect of vitamin A supplementation on antibody response to measles vaccine in Guinea-Bissau, west Africa. Lancet 7-12-1997;350(9071):101-105.

82735

Olsen, E. A., Katz, H. I., Levine, N., Nigra, T. P., Pochi, P. E., Savin, R. C., Shupack, J., Weinstein, G. D., Lufrano, L., and Perry, B. H. Tretinoin emollient cream for photodamaged skin: results of 48-week, multicenter, double-blind studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37(2 Pt 1):217-226.

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Fawzi, W. W., Herrera, M. G., Willett, W. C., Nestel, P., el, Amin A., and Mohamed, K. A. The effect of vitamin A supplementation on the growth of preschool children in the Sudan. Am J Public Health 1997;87(8):1359-1362.

82737

West, K. P., LeClerq, S. C., Shrestha, S. R., Wu, L. S., Pradhan, E. K., Khatry, S. K., Katz, J., Adhikari, R., and Sommer, A. Effects of vitamin A on growth of vitamin A-deficient children: field studies in Nepal. J Nutr 1997;127(10):1957-1965.

82738

Habluetzel, A., Diallo, D. A., Esposito, F., Lamizana, L., Pagnoni, F., Lengeler, C., Traore, C., and Cousens, S. N. Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Trop.Med Int Health 1997;2(9):855-862.

82739

Nacul, L. C., Kirkwood, B. R., Arthur, P., Morris, S. S., Magalhaes, M., and Fink, M. C. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of efficacy of vitamin A treatment in non-measles childhood pneumonia. BMJ 8-30-1997;315(7107):505-510.

82741

Dollimore, N., Cutts, F., Binka, F. N., Ross, D. A., Morris, S. S., and Smith, P. G. Measles incidence, case fatality, and delayed mortality in children with or without vitamin A supplementation in rural Ghana. Am J Epidemiol 10-15-1997;146(8):646-654.

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Si, N. V., Grytter, C., Vy, N. N., Hue, N. B., and Pedersen, F. K. High dose vitamin A supplementation in the course of pneumonia in Vietnamese children. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86(10):1052-1055.

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Longnecker, M. P., Newcomb, P. A., Mittendorf, R., Greenberg, E. R., and Willett, W. C. Intake of carrots, spinach, and supplements containing vitamin A in relation to risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6(11):887-892.

82744

Moon, T. E., Levine, N., Cartmel, B., Bangert, J. L., Rodney, S., Dong, Q., Peng, Y. M., and Alberts, D. S. Effect of retinol in preventing squamous cell skin cancer in moderate-risk subjects: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Southwest Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6(11):949-956.

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Levine, N., Moon, T. E., Cartmel, B., Bangert, J. L., Rodney, S., Dong, Q., Peng, Y. M., and Alberts, D. S. Trial of retinol and isotretinoin in skin cancer prevention: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Southwest Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997;6(11):957-961.

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Hanekom, W. A., Potgieter, S., Hughes, E. J., Malan, H., Kessow, G., and Hussey, G. D. Vitamin A status and therapy in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. J Pediatr 1997;131(6):925-927.

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von, Herbay A., Stahl, W., Niederau, C., and Sies, H. Vitamin E improves the aminotransferase status of patients suffering from viral hepatitis C: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Free Radic.Res 1997;27(6):599-605.

82749

Semba, R. D., Lyles, C. M., Margolick, J. B., Caiaffa, W. T., Farzadegan, H., Cohn, S., and Vlahov, D. Vitamin A supplementation and human immunodeficiency virus load in injection drug users. J Infect.Dis 1998;177(3):611-616.

82750

van de Kerkhof, P. C., Cambazard, F., Hutchinson, P. E., Haneke, E., Wong, E., Souteyrand, P., Damstra, R. J., Combemale, P., Neumann, M. H., Chalmers, R. J., Olsen, L., and Revuz, J. The effect of addition of calcipotriol ointment (50 micrograms/g) to acitretin therapy in psoriasis. Br.J Dermatol. 1998;138(1):84-89.

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Wasantwisut, E. Nutrition and development: other micronutrients' effect on growth and cognition. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 1997;28 Suppl 2:78-82.

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Stephensen, C. B., Franchi, L. M., Hernandez, H., Campos, M., Gilman, R. H., and Alvarez, J. O. Adverse effects of high-dose vitamin A supplements in children hospitalized with pneumonia. Pediatrics 1998;101(5):E3.

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Bojang, K. A., Obaro, S. K., D'Alessandro, U., Bennett, S., Langerock, P., Targett, G. A., and Greenwood, B. M. An efficacy trial of the malaria vaccine SPf66 in Gambian infants--second year of follow-up. Vaccine 1998;16(1):62-67.

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Morcos, M. M., Gabr, A. A., Samuel, S., Kamel, M., el, Baz M., el, Beshry M., and Michail, R. R. Vitamin D administration to tuberculous children and its value. Boll.Chim.Farm. 1998;137(5):157-164.

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Bhaskaram, P. and Balakrishna, N. Effect of administration of 200,000 IU of vitamin A to women within 24 hrs after delivery on response to PPV administered to the newborn. Indian Pediatr 1998;35(3):217-222.

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Inder, T. E., Graham, P. J., Winterbourn, C. C., Austin, N. C., and Darlow, B. A. Plasma vitamin A levels in the very low birthweight infant--relationship to respiratory outcome. Early Hum Dev. 1998;52(2):155-168.

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No author. Randomised trial to assess benefits and safety of vitamin A supplementation linked to immunisation in early infancy. WHO/CHD Immunisation-Linked Vitamin A Supplementation Study Group. Lancet 10-17-1998;352(9136):1257-1263.

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Humphrey, J. H., Quinn, T., Fine, D., Lederman, H., Yamini-Roodsari, S., Wu, L. S., Moeller, S., and Ruff, A. J. Short-term effects of large-dose vitamin A supplementation on viral load and immune response in HIV-infected women. J Acquir.Immune.Defic.Syndr.Hum Retrovirol. 1-1-1999;20(1):44-51.

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Cunliffe, W. J., Poncet, M., Loesche, C., and Verschoore, M. A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.1% gel versus tretinoin 0.025% gel in patients with acne vulgaris: a meta-analysis of five randomized trials. Br J Dermatol 1998;139 Suppl 52:48-56.

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Papagaroufalis C, Cairis M, and Pantazatou E. A trial of vitamin A supplementation in infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatric Research 1988;23:518A.

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Li ZC, Zou P Zhao J Fu HJ Su MD Liu XD. Clinical observation of the combination of all-trans retinoic acid with arsenic trioxide on newly diagnosed patients of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Lin Chuang Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2008;21:481-548.

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Bai XC, Ma Y Song GQ. The Combination treatment of arsenic trioxide and Alltrans-retinoic acid in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Ning Xia Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2007;29:502-504.

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Su XL, XiaWL. Combined treatment of All-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in patients with new-diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Lin Chuan Yu Shi Jian 2006;10:338-339.

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Semba RD, Muhilal MPH, and West KP. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on hematological indicators of iron metabolism and protein status in children. Nutrition Research 1992;12(4):469-478.

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Oliveira JM. Suplementação de vitamina A em lactantes: revisão sistemática [Dissertação de Mestrado]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. 2006;

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Beaton GH, Martorell R, Aronson KA, Edmonston B, McCabe G, and Ross AC. La suplementación con vitamina A y la morbilidad y mortalidad infantil en los países en desarrollo. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1994;117:506-518.

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Agarwal DK, Pandey CM, and Agarwal KN. Vitamin A administration and preschool child mortality. Nutrition Research 1995;15(5):669-680.

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Mahalanabis D, Rahman MR Wahed MA Islam MA Habte D. Vltamin A megadoses during early infancy on serum retinol concentration and acute side effects and residual effects on 6 month follow-up. Nutrition Research 1997;17(4):649-669.

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Bental R.Y., Cooper PA, Cummins RR, Sandler DL, Wainer S, and Rotschild A. Vitamin A therapy - effects on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. S.Afr.J.Food Sci.Nutr 1994;6:141-145.

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Awasthi S, Peto R Bundy D et al. Six-monthly vitamin A supplementation from 1 to 6 years of age. Abstract of talk at ILSI Micronutrient Forum, Istanbul 2007;

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Agarwal KN, Agarwal DK, and Pandey CM. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity pattern in rural pre-school children. Indian J Prev Soc Med 1998;29:14-24.

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Barel AO, Delune M, Clarys P, and Gabard B. Treatment of photodamaged facial skin with topical tretinoin: a blinded, vehiclecontrolled half-side study. Nouvelles Dermatologiques 1995;14:585-591.

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Hussey G, Hughes J, Potgieter S, Kessow G, Burgess J, and Beatty D. Vitamin A status and supplementation and its effect on immunity in children with AIDS. XVII International Vitamin A Consultative Group (IVACG) Meeting, Guatemala City. 1996;81.

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Ma XC, Wang JT Cheng YJ Yan JW Zhou C. Case-control study on relationship between dietary factors and cervical cancer. Zhongguo Gong Gong Wei Sheng 2005;21:312-314.

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Bonelli L, Camoriano A, Ravelli P, Missale G, Bruzzi P, and Aste H. Reduction of the incidence of metachronous adenomas of the large bowel by means of antioxidants. Proceedings of International Sele- nium Tellurium Development Association. Brussels, Bel- gium: Se-Te Press. 1998;91-94.

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Bhaskaram P, Balakrishna N, Nair M, and Sivakumar B. Vitamin A deficiency in infants: effects of postnatal maternal vitamin A supplementation on the growth and vitamin A status. Nutrition Research 2000;20:769-778.

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Thune P. Treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis with Tigason. Dermatologica. 1982;164:67-72.

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Okada N, Nomura M Morimoto S et al. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in psoriatic patients with long term etretinate therapy. J Dermatol. 1994;21:308-311.

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Kilcoyne RF. Acitretin effects on the spine. Dermatologica 1990;181:359.

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Jantti J, Vapaatalo H, Seppala E, Ruutsalo HM, and Isomäki H. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with fish oil, selenium, vitamins A and E, and placebo. Scand J Rheumatol 1991;20:225.

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Petersson I, Majberger E, Palm S, and Larsen A. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with selenium and vitamin E. Scand J Rheumatol 1991;20:218.

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Vecchia, C et al. Dietary factors and the risk of breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 1987;10(4):205-214.

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Graham et al. Diet in the epidemiology of breast cancer. Am J Epi- demiol 1982;116(1):68-75.

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Banerjee S, Jeyaseelan S Guleria R. Trial of lycopene to prevent pre-eclampsia in healthy primigravidas: results show some adverse effects. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2009;35:477-482.

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Ma AG, Schouten EG Zhang FZ Kok FJ Yang F Jiang DC et al. Retinol and riboflavin supplementation decreases theon morbidity and growth of their infants during the first year of life. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002;56:338-346.

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West K, Christian P Labrique A Rashid M Shamim A Klemm R et al. Effects of vitamin A or beta carotene supplementation on pregnancy-related mortality and infant mortality in rural Bangladesh: a cluster randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2011;305:1986-1995.

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Arifeen S. Multiple micronutrient supplementation of women during pregnancy. UNICEF Workshop Report 2006;

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Racine A, Cuerg A Bijon A et al. Isotretinoin use and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study from the French National Health Insurance System [abstract 400]. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(5):S88.

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Liu XH, Yin SA, Li G, Gao HY, and Xu QM. A clinical observation on supplementing selenium and vitamin A for mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Journal of Chinese Children Health Care 1997;5(4):239-240.

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Zhang J. Observation for vitamin A as a complementary agent in the treatment of bronchopneumonia. Journal of Jining Medical College 1999;22(2):55.

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Owusu-Agyei S, Newton S, Mahama E, Febir LG, Ali M, Adjei K, Tchum K, Alhassan L, Moleah T, Tanumihardjo SA. Impact of vitamin A with zinc supplementation on malaria morbidity in Ghana. Nutr J. 2013 23;12:131.

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Al-Mekhlafi HM, Anuar TS, Al-Zabedi EM, Al-Maktari MT, Mahdy MA, Ahmed A, Sallam AA, Abdullah WA, Moktar N, Surin J. Does vitamin A supplementation protect schoolchildren from acquiring soil-transmitted helminthiasis? A randomized controlled trial. Parasit Vectors. 2014 15;7:367.

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Awasthi S, Peto R, Read S, Clark S, Pande V, Bundy D; DEVTA (Deworming and Enhanced Vitamin A) team. Vitamin A supplementation every 6 months with retinol in 1 million pre-school children in north India: DEVTA, a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2013 27;381(9876):1469-77.

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Benn CS, Diness BR, Balde I, Rodrigues A, Lausch KR, Martins CL, Fisker AB, Aaby P. Two different doses of supplemental vitamin A did not affect mortality of normal-birth-weight neonates in Guinea-Bissau in a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr. 2014;144(9):1474-9.

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Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud C. Meta-regression analyses, meta-analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do we have evidence for lack of harm? PLoS One. 2013 Sep 6;8(9):e74558.

90776

Edmond KM, Newton S, Shannon C, O'Leary M, Hurt L, Thomas G, Amenga-Etego S, Tawiah-Agyemang C, Gram L, Hurt CN, Bahl R, Owusu-Agyei S, Kirkwood BR. Effect of early neonatal vitamin A supplementation on mortality during infancy in Ghana (Neovita): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 4;385(9975):1315-23.

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Fisker AB, Bale C, Rodrigues A, Balde I, Fernandes M, Jørgensen MJ, Danneskiold-Samsøe N, Hornshøj L, Rasmussen J, Christensen ED, Bibby BM, Aaby P, Benn CS. High-dose vitamin A with vaccination after 6 months of age: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2014;134(3):e739-48.

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Gadhia MM, Cutter GR, Abman SH, Kinsella JP. Effects of early inhaled nitric oxide therapy and vitamin A supplementation on the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature newborns with respiratory failure. J Pediatr. 2014;164(4):744-8.

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Kiraly N, Benn CS, Biering-Sørensen S, Rodrigues A, Jensen KJ, Ravn H, Allen KJ, Aaby P. Vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth may affect atopy in childhood: long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Allergy. 2013;68(9):1168-76.

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Kiraly N, Balde A, Lisse IM, Eriksen HB, Aaby P, Benn CS. Vitamin A supplementation and risk of atopy: long-term follow-up of a randomized trial of vitamin A supplementation at six and nine months of age. BMC Pediatr. 2013 19;13:190.

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Lund N, Biering-Sørensen S, Andersen A, Monteiro I, Camala L, Jørgensen MJ, Aaby P, Benn CS. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation associated with a cluster of deaths and poor early growth in a randomised trial among low-birth-weight boys of vitamin A versus oral polio vaccine at birth. BMC Pediatr. 2014 28;14:214.

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Masanja H, Smith ER, Muhihi A, Briegleb C, Mshamu S, Ruben J, Noor RA, Khudyakov P, Yoshida S, Martines J, Bahl R, Fawzi WW; Neovita Tanzania Study Group. Effect of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on mortality in infants in Tanzania (Neovita): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 4;385(9975):1324-32.

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Matos AC, Souza GG, Moreira V, Ramalho A. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on clinical evolution in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, according to serum levels of zinc. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(6):1981-6.

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Mazumder S, Taneja S, Bhatia K, Yoshida S, Kaur J, Dube B, Toteja GS, Bahl R, Fontaine O, Martines J, Bhandari N; Neovita India Study Group. Efficacy of early neonatal supplementation with vitamin A to reduce mortality in infancy in Haryana, India (Neovita): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 4;385(9975):1333-42.

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Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Ndeezi G, Tumwine JK. Effect of vitamin A adjunct therapy for cerebral malaria in children admitted to Mulago hospital: a randomized controlled trial. Afr Health Sci. 2012;12(2):90-7.

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Wang A, Han J, Jiang Y, Zhang D. Association of vitamin A and ß-carotene with risk for age-related cataract: a meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2014 Oct;30(10):1113-21.

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Cui YH, Jing CX, Pan HW. Association of blood antioxidants and vitamins with risk of age-related cataract: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(3):778-86.

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Kabat GC, Kim MY, Wactawski-Wende J, Shikany JM, Vitolins MZ, Rohan TE. Intake of antioxidant nutrients and risk of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in the Women's Health Initiative. Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(2):245-54.

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Takeda A, Nyssen OP, Syed A, et al. Vitamin A and carotenoids and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2014;42(1):25-38.

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Bonelli L, Puntoni M, Gatteschi B, et al. Antioxidant supplement and long-term reduction of recurrent adenomas of the large bowel. A double-blind randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 2013;48(6):698-705.

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Penniston KL, Tanumihardjo SA. The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83(2):191-201.

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Baineni R, Gulati R, Delhi CK. Vitamin A toxicity presenting as bone pain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):556-8.

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Bitarafan S, Saboor-Yaraghi A, Sahraian MA, et al. Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on fatigue and depression in Multiple Sclerosis patients: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;15(1):13-9

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Darlow BA, Graham PJ, Rojas-Reyes MX. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD000501.

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Haider BA, Sharma R, Bhutta ZA. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD006980.

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Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Herzer K, Bhutta ZA. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD008524.

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Mohammad YM, Raslan IR, Al-Hussain FA. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Induced by Topical Application of Vitamin A. J Neuroophthalmol. 2016;36(4):412-3.

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Oliveira JM, Allert R, East CE. Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD005944.

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Singer JR, Bakall B, Gordon GM, Reddy RK. Treatment of vitamin A deficiency retinopathy with sublingual vitamin A palmitate. Doc Ophthalmol. 2016;132(2):137-45.

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Wiysonge CS, Ndze VN, Kongnyuy EJ, Shey MS. Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;9:CD003648.

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Zhang T, Chen H, Qin S, et al. The association between dietary vitamin A intake and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 11 studies. Biosci Rep. 2016;36(6): e00414.

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