Garlic

Source

A very high select quality Garlic source containing 1% Allicin is used at Mymmunity

Botanical Details

Family Liliaceae

Genus Allium L.

Species Allium sativum

Immune support

Evidence from animal research suggests that garlic oil 100-200 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks enhances lymphocyte proliferation rate and increase the production of the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, and IL-10 upon stimulation with concanavalin A. At low doses, garlic oil appears to enhance T cell response toward the Th1 type cytokines (e.g., IL-2 and INF-gamma). These cytokines have been associated with beneficial antitumor response. At high doses, garlic oil appears to enhance Th2-type cytokines (eg, IL-4 and IL-10) at high doses. Other animal research suggests that aqueous garlic solution 600 mg/kg/4 mL daily for one month decreases INF-gamma production and increases IL-4 production in phytohemagglutinin-activated rat spleen lymphocytes, suggesting that garlic may favor a humor immune response when administered at higher doses.

Some in vitro evidence suggests that garlic powder extract reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced production of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in human whole blood. Garlic powder extract also appears to reduce the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, a transcription factor involved in inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as atherosclerosis.

Garlic may also enhanced natural killer (NK) cell number and activity against tumor cell lines. However, while raw garlic juice, heated garlic juice, dehydrated garlic powder, and aged garlic extract all seem to increase NK cell activities in tumor-bearing mice, only aged garlic extract and heated garlic juice appear to inhibit the growth of tumor cells.

Garlic also appears to stimulate macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation, which may protect the body against immunity suppression induced by chemotherapy or radiation treatments. Animal research also suggests that long-term administration of garlic may improve age-associated decline in immune function. The garlic constituent alliin appears to increase the phagocytic function of peripheral blood leukocytes and monocytes.

Other uses

Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). As people age, their arteries tend to lose their ability to stretch and flex. Garlic seems to reduce this effect. Taking a specific garlic powder supplement (Allicor, INAT-Farma) twice daily for 24 months seems to reduce how much hardening of the arteries progresses. Higher doses of this product seem to provide more benefits in women than men when taken over a four-year period. Research with other products containing garlic along with other ingredients (Kyolic, Total Heart Health, Formula 108, Wakunaga) have also shown benefits.

Diabetes. Garlic seems to modestly reduce pre-meal blood sugar levels in people with or without diabetes. It seems to work best in people with diabetes, especially if it is taken for at least 3 months. It's unclear if garlic reduces post-meal blood sugar levels or HbA1c levels.

High levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia). While not all research agrees, the most reliable evidence shows that taking garlic may reduce total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, "bad" cholesterol) in people with high cholesterol levels. Garlic appears to work best if taken daily for more than 8 weeks. But any benefit is probably small. And taking garlic doesn't help increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL, "good" cholesterol) or lower levels of other blood fats called triglycerides.

High blood pressure. Taking garlic by mouth seems to reduce systolic blood pressure (the top number) by about 7-9 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) by about 4-6 mmHg in people with high blood pressure.

Prostate cancer. Men in China who eat about one clove of garlic daily seem to have a 50% lower risk of developing prostate cancer. Also, population research shows that eating garlic may be associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer. But other research suggests that eating garlic does not affect prostate cancer risk in men from Iran. Early clinical research suggests that taking garlic extract supplements might reduce the risk of prostate cancer or reduce symptoms associated with prostate cancer.

Preventing tick bites. People who consume high amounts of garlic over about an 8-week period seem to have a reduced number of tick bites. But it's not clear how garlic compares to commercially available tick repellants.

Ringworm (Tinea corporis). Applying a gel containing 0.6% ajoene, a chemical in garlic, twice daily for one week seems to be as effective as antifungal medication for treating ringworm.

Jock itch (Tinea cruris). Applying a gel containing 0.6% ajoene, a chemical in garlic, twice daily for one week seems to be as effective as antifungal medication for treating jock itch.

Athlete's foot (Tinea pedis). Applying a gel containing 1% ajoene, a chemical in garlic, seems to be effective for treating athlete's foot. Also, applying a garlic gel with 1% ajoene seems to be about as effective as the medicine Lamisil for treating athlete's foot.

How it works

Garlic produces a chemical called allicin. This is what seems to make garlic work for certain conditions. Allicin also makes garlic smell. Some products are made "odorless" by aging the garlic, but this process can also make the garlic less effective. It's a good idea to look for supplements that are coated (enteric coating) so they will dissolve in the intestine and not in the stomach.

Safety

When taken by mouth: Garlic is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth appropriately. Garlic has been used safely in research for up to 7 years. When taken by mouth, garlic can cause bad breath, a burning sensation in the mouth or stomach, heartburn, gas, nausea, vomiting, body odor, and diarrhea. These side effects are often worse with raw garlic. Garlic may also increase the risk of bleeding. There have been reports of bleeding after surgery in people who have taken garlic. Asthma has been reported in people working with garlic, and other allergic reactions are possible.

When applied to the skin: Garlic products are POSSIBLY SAFE when applied to the skin. Gels, pastes, and mouthwashes containing garlic have been used for up to 3 months. However, when applied to the skin, garlic might cause skin damage that is similar to a burn.

RAW garlic is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when applied to the skin. Raw garlic might cause severe skin irritation when it is applied to the skin.

Special Precautions & Warnings:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Garlic is LIKELY SAFE to use during pregnancy when taken in the amounts normally found in food. Garlic is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when used in medicinal amounts during pregnancy and when breast-feeding. There is not enough reliable information about the safety of applying garlic to the skin if you are pregnant or breast feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Children: Garlic is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by children as a medicine short-term. However, garlic is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth in large doses. Some sources suggest that high doses of garlic could be dangerous or even fatal to children. The reason for this warning is not known. There are no case reports available of significant adverse events or mortality in children associated with taking garlic by mouth. When applied to the skin, garlic might cause damage to the skin that is similar to a burn.

Bleeding disorder: Garlic, especially fresh garlic, might increase the risk of bleeding.

Diabetes: Garlic can lower blood sugar. In theory, taking garlic might make blood sugar too low in people with diabetes.

Stomach or digestion problems: Garlic can irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Use with caution if you have stomach or digestion problems.

Low blood pressure: Garlic can lower blood pressure. In theory, taking garlic might make blood pressure become too low in people with low blood pressure.

Surgery: Garlic might prolong bleeding and interfere with blood pressure. Garlic might also lower blood sugar levels. Stop taking garlic at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions with medications

Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Garlic might reduce how much atazanavir (Reyataz) the body absorbs. This might decrease how well atazanavir (Reyataz) works. Talk to your doctor before taking garlic if you are taking atazanavir (Reyataz).

Isoniazid

Interaction Rating = Major Do not take this combination.

Garlic might reduce how much isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid) the body absorbs. This might decrease how well isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid) works. Don't take garlic if you take isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid).

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) substrates)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Garlic oil might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking garlic oil along with some medications that are changed by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of your medication. Before taking garlic oil, talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver.

Some medications that are changed by the liver include acetaminophen, chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte), ethanol, theophylline, and drugs used for anesthesia during surgery such as enflurane (Ethrane), halothane (Fluothane), isoflurane (Forane), and methoxyflurane (Penthrane).

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver as well as the intestines. Garlic might increase how quickly the intestines break down some medications and decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking garlic along with some medications that are broken down by the liver or the intestines might increase or decrease the effectiveness of some medications. Before taking garlic, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver or intestines.

Medications that might be affected include certain heart medications called calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, nicardipine, verapamil), cancer drugs (etoposide, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine), fungus-fighting drugs (ketoconazole, itraconazole), glucocorticoids, alfentanil (Alfenta), cisapride (Propulsid), fentanyl (Sublimaze), lidocaine (Xylocaine), losartan (Cozaar), midazolam (Versed), and others.

Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Garlic might decrease blood sugar in people with diabetes. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking garlic along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to go too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.

Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.

Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Garlic might lower blood pressure in some people. Taking garlic along with medications used for lowering high blood pressure might cause your blood pressure to go too low. Do not take too much garlic if you are taking medications for high blood pressure.

Some medications for high blood pressure include nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan), diltiazem (Cardizem), isradipine (DynaCirc), felodipine (Plendil), amlodipine (Norvasc), and others.

Medications for HIV/AIDS (Protease inhibitors)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Taking garlic might decrease the amount of HIV/AIDS medication that can enter into the bloodstream. This could decrease the effectiveness of some medications used for HIV/AIDS.

Some of these medications used for HIV/AIDS include amprenavir (Agenerase), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir), and saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase).

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Garlic might slow blood clotting. Taking garlic along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding.

Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase) is a medication taken for HIV. Garlic might decrease how much saquinavir goes into the blood. This might decrease the effectiveness of saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase).

Tacrolimus (Prograf)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Tacrolimus (Prograf) is changed and broken down by the liver. Garlic might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down tacrolimus (Prograf). Taking garlic with tacrolimus (Prograf) might increase the effects and side effects of tacrolimus (Prograf).

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Warfarin (Coumadin) is used to slow blood clotting. Garlic might increase the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin). Taking garlic along with warfarin (Coumadin) might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. The dose of your warfarin (Coumadin) might need to be changed.

Interactions with Herbs, Supplements, and Foods

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, fish oil)

Fish oil can slow blood clotting. Garlic can also slow clotting. Taken together, garlic and fish oil may increase the risk of bleeding in some people.

Herbs and supplements that might lower blood pressure

Garlic might lower blood pressure. Using it along with other herbs and supplements that have this same effect might increase the risk of blood pressure dropping too low in some people. Some of these products include andrographis, casein peptides, cat's claw, coenzyme Q-10, fish oil, L-arginine, lycium, stinging nettle, theanine, and others.

Herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar

Garlic might lower blood sugar. Using it with other herbs or supplements that also have this effect might lower blood sugar too much. Other herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar include banaba, bitter melon, cowhage, ginger, glucomannan, goat's rue, fenugreek, kudzu, willow bark, and others.

Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting

Using garlic with other herbs that can slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bleeding in some people. These other herbs include angelica, clove, danshen, ginger, ginkgo, red clover, turmeric, vitamin E, willow, and others.

There are no known interactions with foods.

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