Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC)

Proprietary Source

AHCC® Proprietary Blend consisting of: Mushroom Mycelia Extract, Carnauba Wax (Plant), Dextrin (Tapioca), Cellulose (Plant) Alpha Cyclodextrin (Vegetable). AHCC® is a registered trademark of Amino Up Co,. Ltd. by Maypro Industries

Also known as

Basidiomycetes Extract

Immune support

It has been suggested that AHCC strengthens immunity by increasing NK cell, lymphokine active killer (LAK) cell, T cell, B cell, and cytokine activity. Levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and neopterin have been shown to be slightly increased in AHCC-treated animals and patients, although some research has reported a lack of change with respect to cytokine levels. In vitro, AHCC promoted the secretion of IL-8, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in intestinal epithelial cells and monocytes via TLR4/MyD88- and NF-kappaB/MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathways. In humans, significant changes in the levels of albumin and percentage of lymphocytes were observed at one and two months after treatment with AHCC. Moreover, when taken as an adjunct therapy to conventional influenza vaccination, AHCC has also been shown to increase anti-influenza B titers but lacked an effect on anti-influenza A titers compared to baseline. Increased NK cell-binding capacity to tumor cell targets and increased NK cell granularity have been purported as possible AHCC mechanisms of action.

The immune-bolstering effects of AHCC have also been seen in mice maintained under hind limb-unloading models of spaceflight conditions. According to animal research, AHCC was suggested to modulate immune activity via the suppression of thymic apoptosis.

Other uses

Some research suggests that taking AHCC improves survival and quality of life in certain types of cancers including liver cancer. Some early research also suggests that taking AHCC might reduce some of the gastrointestinal side effects from chemotherapy use, such as nausea.

How it works

There isn't enough information to know how AHCC might work. Some researchers think it might increase the activity of "natural killer cells" in people who have cancer. Animal research suggests it might also be able to protect the liver against certain poisonous chemicals and prevent diabetes.

Safety

AHCC is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth appropriately in medicinal amounts. Doses of AHCC ranging from 4.5 to 6 grams daily have been used safely for up to 6 months. A lower dose (3 grams daily) appears to be safe when it is used for up to 9 years.

Special Precautions & Warnings:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking AHCC if you are pregnant or breast feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Autoimmune diseases: AHCC seems to increase immune function and might make autoimmune diseases worse. People with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA), should avoid AHCC or talk to a healthcare professional before using.

Interactions with medications

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) substrates)

Interaction: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. AHCC might increase how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking AHCC along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can decrease the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking AHCC, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver.

Some medications that are changed by the liver include amitriptyline (Elavil), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), flecainide (Tambocor), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), ondansetron (Zofran), paroxetine (Paxil), risperidone (Risperdal), tramadol (Ultram), venlafaxine (Effexor), and others.

Medications that decrease the immune system (Immunosuppressants)

Interaction: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.

Talk to your health provider.

AHCC increases the immune system. By increasing the immune system, AHCC might decrease the effectiveness of medications that decrease the immune system.

Some medications that decrease the immune system include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and others.

Interactions with Herbs, Supplements, and Foods

There are no known interactions with herbs and supplements.

There are no known interactions with foods.

References

Ye SF, Ichimura K, Wakame K, Ohe M. Suppressive effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on the increased activity of hepatic and renal ornithine decarboxylase induced by oxidative stress. Life Sci 2003;74:593-602.

Turner J, Chaudhary U. Dramatic prostate-specific antigen response with activated hemicellulose compound in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2009;20:215-16.

Kidd, P. M. The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment. Altern.Med Rev. 2000;5(1):4-27.

Ishibashi, H., Ikeda, T., Tansho, S., Ono, Y., Yamazaki, M., Sato, A., Yamaoka, K., Yamaguchi, H., and Abe, S. [Prophylactic efficacy of a basidiomycetes preparation AHCC against lethal opportunistic infections in mice]. Yakugaku Zasshi 2000;120(8):715-719.

Burikhanov, R. B., Wakame, K., Igarashi, Y., Wang, S., and Matsuzaki, S. Suppressive effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on thymic apoptosis induced by dexamethasone in the rat. Endocr.Regul. 2000;34(4):181-188.

Yagita, A., Maruyama, S., Wakasugi, S., and Sukegawa, Y. H-2 haplotype-dependent serum IL-12 production in tumor-bearing mice treated with various mycelial extracts. In Vivo 2002;16(1):49-54.

Matsui, Y., Uhara, J., Satoi, S., Kaibori, M., Yamada, H., Kitade, H., Imamura, A., Takai, S., Kawaguchi, Y., Kwon, A. H., and Kamiyama, Y. Improved prognosis of postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma patients when treated with functional foods: a prospective cohort study. J Hepatol. 2002;37(1):78-86.

Ikeda, T., Ishibashi, H., Fujisaki, R., Yamazaki, M., Wakame, K., Kosuna, K., Yamaguchi, H., Ono, Y., and Abe, S. [Prophylactic efficacy of a basidiomycetes preparation AHCC against lethal Candida albicans infection in experimental granulocytopenic mice]. Nihon Ishinkin.Gakkai Zasshi 2003;44(2):127-131.

Ye, S. F., Wakame, K., Ichimura, K., and Matsuzaki, S. Amelioration by active hexose correlated compound of endocrine disturbances induced by oxidative stress in the rat. Endocr.Regul. 2004;38(1):7-13.

Aviles, H., Belay, T., Vance, M., Sun, B., and Sonnenfeld, G. Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions. J Appl.Physiol 2004;97(4):1437-1444.

Gao, Y., Zhang, D., Sun, B., Fujii, H., Kosuna, K., and Yin, Z. Active hexose correlated compound enhances tumor surveillance through regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Cancer Immunol.Immunother. 2006;55(10):1258-1266.

Cowawintaweewat, S., Manoromana, S., Sriplung, H., Khuhaprema, T., Tongtawe, P., Tapchaisri, P., and Chaicumpa, W. Prognostic improvement of patients with advanced liver cancer after active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) treatment. Asian Pac.J Allergy Immunol. 2006;24(1):33-45.

Ritz, B. W., Nogusa, S., Ackerman, E. A., and Gardner, E. M. Supplementation with active hexose correlated compound increases the innate immune response of young mice to primary influenza infection. J Nutr. 2006;136(11):2868-2873.

Aviles, H., O'Donnell, P., Sun, B., and Sonnenfeld, G. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) enhances resistance to infection in a mouse model of surgical wound infection. Surg.Infect.(Larchmt.) 2006;7(6):527-535.

Daddaoua, A., Martinez-Plata, E., Lopez-Posadas, R., Vieites, J. M., Gonzalez, M., Requena, P., Zarzuelo, A., Suarez, M. D., de Medina, F. S., and Martinez-Augustin, O. Active hexose correlated compound acts as a prebiotic and is antiinflammatory in rats with hapten-induced colitis. J Nutr. 2007;137(5):1222-1228.

Hirose, A., Sato, E., Fujii, H., Sun, B., Nishioka, H., and Aruoma, O. I. The influence of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on cisplatin-evoked chemotherapeutic and side effects in tumor-bearing mice. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol 7-15-2007;222(2):152-158.

Matsui, K., Kawaguchi, Y., Ozaki, T., Tokuhara, K., Tanaka, H., Kaibori, M., Matsui, Y., Kamiyama, Y., Wakame, K., Miura, T., Nishizawa, M., and Okumura, T. Effect of active hexose correlated compound on the production of nitric oxide in hepatocytes. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr. 2007;31(5):373-380.

Spierings, E. L., Fujii, H., Sun, B., and Walshe, T. A Phase I study of the safety of the nutritional supplement, active hexose correlated compound, AHCC, in healthy volunteers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2007;53(6):536-539.

Aviles, H., O'Donnell, P., Orshal, J., Fujii, H., Sun, B., and Sonnenfeld, G. Active hexose correlated compound activates immune function to decrease bacterial load in a murine model of intramuscular infection. Am J Surg. 2008;195(4):537-545.

Ritz, B. W. Supplementation with active hexose correlated compound increases survival following infectious challenge in mice. Nutr.Rev. 2008;66(9):526-531.

Terakawa, N., Matsui, Y., Satoi, S., Yanagimoto, H., Takahashi, K., Yamamoto, T., Yamao, J., Takai, S., Kwon, A. H., and Kamiyama, Y. Immunological effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr.Cancer 2008;60(5):643-651.

Mach, C. M., Fugii, H., Wakame, K., and Smith, J. Evaluation of active hexose correlated compound hepatic metabolism and potential for drug interactions with chemotherapy agents. J Soc Integr.Oncol. 2008;6(3):105-109.

Turner, J. and Chaudhary, U. Dramatic prostate-specific antigen response with activated hemicellulose compound in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2009;20(3):215-216.

Wang, S., Welte, T., Fang, H., Chang, G. J., Born, W. K., O'Brien, R. L., Sun, B., Fujii, H., Kosuna, K., and Wang, T. Oral administration of active hexose correlated compound enhances host resistance to West Nile encephalitis in mice. J Nutr. 2009;139(3):598-602.

Nogusa, S., Gerbino, J., and Ritz, B. W. Low-dose supplementation with active hexose correlated compound improves the immune response to acute influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice. Nutr.Res 2009;29(2):139-143.

Sun, B., Wakame, K., Sato, E., Nishioka, H., Aruoma, O. I., and Fujii, H. The effect of active hexose correlated compound in modulating cytosine arabinoside-induced hair loss, and 6-mercaptopurine- and methotrexate-induced liver injury in rodents. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009;33(3-4):293-299.

Sumiyoshi, Y., Hashine, K., Kakehi, Y., Yoshimura, K., Satou, T., Kuruma, H., Namiki, S., and Shinohara, N. Dietary administration of mushroom mycelium extracts in patients with early stage prostate cancers managed expectantly: a phase II study. Jpn.J Clin.Oncol. 2010;40(10):967-972.

Yin, Z., Fujii, H., and Walshe, T. Effects of active hexose correlated compound on frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interferon-gamma and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy adults. Hum.Immunol. 2010;71(12):1187-1190.

Fujii, H., Nishioka, N., Simon, R. R., Kaur, R., Lynch, B., and Roberts, A. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity evaluation of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC). Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 2011;59(2):237-250.

Lee, W. W., Lee, N., Fujii, H., and Kang, I. Active Hexose Correlated Compound promotes T helper (Th) 17 and 1 cell responses via inducing IL-1beta production from monocytes in humans. Cell Immunol. 2012;275(1-2):19-23.

Ocon, B., Anzola, A., Ortega-Gonzalez, M., Zarzuelo, A., Suarez, M. D., Sanchez de, Medina F., and Martinez-Augustin, O. Active hexose-correlated compound and Bifidobacterium longum BB536 exert symbiotic effects in experimental colitis. Eur.J Nutr 2013;52(2):457-466.

Daddaoua, A., Martinez-Plata, E., Ortega-Gonzalez, M., Ocon, B., Aranda, C. J., Zarzuelo, A., Suarez, M. D., de Medina, F. S., and Martinez-Augustin, O. The nutritional supplement Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) has direct immunomodulatory actions on intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages involving TLR/MyD88 and NF-kappaB/MAPK activation. Food Chem. 2-15-2013;136(3-4):1288-1295.

Roman, B. E., Beli, E., Duriancik, D. M., and Gardner, E. M. Short-term supplementation with active hexose correlated compound improves the antibody response to influenza B vaccine. Nutr Res. 2013;33(1):12-17.

Matsushita, K., Kuramitsu, Y., Ohiro, Y., Obara, M., Kobayashi, M., Li, Y. Q., and Hosokawa, M. Combination therapy of active hexose correlated compound plus UFT significantly reduces the metastasis of rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 1998;9(4):343-350.

Mukoda, S., Kosuna, K., and Okada, F. Reduction of side affects of anticancer drugs by active hexose correlated compound (AHCC). Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 1999;40.

Du, J. Effect of AHCC for Peripheral Blood VEGF in Hepatocarcinoma-Inoculated Mice. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Hayama, K., Yamazaki, M., and Abe, S. Protective Activity of Combination of AHCC and UREX against Murine Vaginal Candidiasis. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012;

Jiang, S., Nakano, T., Nishizawa, M., and Kimura, T. Effect of AHCC on IFN-al Antisense RNA and mRNA Expression Levels in the Respiratory Tract of Influenza Virus AlPR/8/34-infected Guinea Pigs. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012;

Wang, S., Ichimura, K., and Wakame, K. Preventive effects of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on oxidative stress induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate in the rat. Dokkyo Journal of Medical Sciences 2001;28(2-3):745-752.

Sundaresan, A., Wakame, K., and Kulkarni, A. D. AHCC Positively Regulates Liver Metabolism by Diminishing Oxidative Stress and Protects the Heart by Increasing Liver Trafficking of LDL. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Haidari, M., Zhang, W., and Chen, Z. Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) Inhibits Disruption of Endothelial Adherens Junction Induced by High Concentration of Glucose. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Fujii, H., Nishioka, H., Wakame, K., and Sun, B. Nutritional Food Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) Enhances Resistance Against Bird Flu. Japanese Journal of Complimentary and Alt.Medicine 2007;4(2):37-39.

Nishioka, H. Preventive effect of AHCC for avian influenza virus. 15th International Symposium of the AHCC Research Association 2007.

Drannik, A. G., Kurchenko, A. I., Savchenko, V. S., and Drannik, G. N. AHCC Induces in vitro Functional Activity ofPBMC-derived Mononuclear Cells from Subjects with Recurring Herpes Simplex Type 1 and 2 Infections. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Smith, J. A., Gaikwad, A., Jaffari, M., Frumovitz, M., and Meyer, L. Evaluation of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) for the Prevention or Delay of Tumor Growth in Human Cervical Cancer Xenograft Model. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Karkow, A. and Karkow, F. AHCC: A Personal Experience. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Hong, S. J., Chung, B. H., Kim, J. S., Lee, M. J., Yoon, S., Oh, H. Y., Lee, E. J., Lim, H. G., and Buxiang, S. The effects of GAC on the biochemical profiles and quality of life of metastatic prostate cancer patients. Korean Journal of Urology 2006;47(5):467-474.

Nomura, T., Nakajima, H., Hongyo, T., Kikuya, R., Adachi, S., Ryo, H., Tokita, Y., Eiko, H., Yoshida, N., Parida, D. K., and Wakame, K. Inhibition of Radiation Induced Late Effects (Congenital Malformations and Leukemia) by Active Hexose Correlated Compound, AHCC in Mice. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Kulkarni, A. Dietary AHCC in Acute Gut Injury Model. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Luo, A., Zhang, K., Wakame, K., and Kulkarni, A. Dietary Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) Decreases Ischemial Reperfusion Injury [General Lecture]. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Nomura, T., Adachi, S., Ryo, H., Kikuya, R., Hatanaka, E., Tokita, Y., Nakajima, H., Hongyo, T., and Parida, D. K. Prevention of Cancer and Malformation by Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Mice and Humans. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Badawi, T. A., Khalil, N. A., Abdelrahman, A. H., and Aly, Z. H. Immunoprophylactic Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on Normal and Induced Submandibular Salivary Gland Neoplasm in Albino Rats. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Wakame K. Protective Effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) on the Onset of Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin in the Rat. Biomedical Research 1999;20(3):145-152.

Iwamoto, M. Effects of AHCC on Diabetes by Clinical and Basic Researches. The 2nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Alternative Medicine & Treatment 1999.

Du, J. Anti-tumor Effects of AHCC in H22 Tumor-bearing ICR Mice and BALB/c Nude Mice. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Gardner, E. AHCC Supplementation of Energy-restricted Mice May Improve Natural Killer Cell Function during Primary Influenza Infection. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Lee, W. W., Shin, M. S., and Kang, I. AHCC Induces Production ofIL-17 from CD4+ T Cells via Stimulating Monocytes in Humans. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Sanchez de Medina, F., Plata, E. M., Romero-Calvo, I., Ortega, M., Gonzalez, R., Daddaoua, A., Martinez-Moya, P., Zarzuelo, A., Suarez, M. D., and Martinez-Augustin, O. Correlated Compound Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects and Induces Differentiation in Several Intestinal Cell Types that are Independent on their Prebiotic Actions. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Lee, W. W. and Kang, I. Investigating the Effect of AHCC and a-Glucan on IL-IP and IL-6 Production from Human Monocytes. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Masuyama, T., Mizuishi, Y., Moriyama, A., Takeshita, K., Takahashi, T., and Kuwabara, M. Application of New Immunotherapy Using AHCC for Animal Disease. Presented at the 8th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2000;

Uno, K., Kosuna, K., Sun, B., Fujii, H., Wakame, K., Chikumaru, S., Hosokawa, G., and Ueda, Y. Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) Improves Immunological Parameters and Performance Status of Patients with Solid Tumors. Biotherapy 2000;14(3):303-309.

Ghoneum, M. NK-Immunomodulation by Active Hemicellulose Compound (AHCC) in 17 Cancer Patients. 2nd Meeting of the Society for Natural Immunity 1994.

Ghoneum, M., Wimbley, M., Salem, F., McKlain, A., Attallah, N., and Gill, G. Immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC). Int J Immunother 1995;11:23-28.

Thaiudom, S., Piyaniran, W., and Chutaputthi, A. A study of the efficacy of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C patients at Phramongkutklao Hospital. The Medical News (Thailand) 2010;325:13-16.

Smith, J. A., Hunter, R. J., Fujii, H., Wakame, K., and Wolf, J. Defining Synergistic Activity ofthe Combination of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) with Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil). Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Kawaguchi, Y. Improved Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer or Colon Cancer when treated with Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC): Effect of AHCC on digestive system cancer. Nautral Medicine Journal 2009;1(1):1-6.

Sakaue, M., Maeda, K., Igura, T., Kitagawa, T., Sumi, R., Hirai, K., Kondo, K., and Ito, T. Phase I/II clinical study of AHCC as adverse effect reducer in cancer patients with chemotherapy (the 3rd report). Presented at the 17th AHCC Research Association 2009.

Maeno, H., Takanari, J., and Wakame, K. Effect of AHCC for Palliative Care in Horne Care Patients with Terminal Cancer. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Yanagimoto, H., Satoi, S., Toyokawa, S., Yamamoto, T., Hirooka, S., Yamao, J., Araki, H., Matsui, Y., and Kwon, A. The Beneficial Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC), a Health Food Component, in Patients with Pancreatic or Biliary Tract Cancer who Underwent Chemotherapy. Presented at the 40th APA (American Pancreatic Association) 2009.

Parida, D. K., Wakame, K., and Nomura, T. Integrating Complimentary and Alternative Medicine in Form of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in the Management of Head & Neck Cancer Patients. International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011;2:588-592.

Szalus, N. AHCC for Treatment ofIdiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in 11 Year-old Girl - A Case Report. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Kim, J. The Effect of AHCC in non-viral, chronic and abnormal liver function condition: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Hunter, R. J., Fujii, H., Wakame, K., Gaikwad, A., Wolf, J. K., and Smith, J. A. Evaluation of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for treatment of ovarian cancer. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products 2011;4(3):6-14.

Sakaguchi, T., Ishizaki, M., Kaibori, M., Matsui, K., Hirooka, S., Tsuda, T., Matsushima, H., Matsui, Y., and Kwon, A. Complete Response of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using AHCC in Multimodality Therapy. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Ocon, B., Anzola, A., Ortega, M., Zarzuelo, A., Suarez, M. D., de Medina, F. S., and Augustin, O. M. Active Hexose Correlated Compound and Bifidobacterium Longum Exert Symbiotic Effects in Experimental Colitis. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Hangai, S., Yamaguchi, T., Kuroda, Y., Kogure, Y., and Iwase, S. Exploratory Clinical Research on Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC): Effect of AHCC on Patients with Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Kurokawa, T. Use of AHCC in Multimodality Therapy against Advanced or Terminal Cancer. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Sun, B., Mukoda, T., Miura, T., Fujii, H., Yuan, L., and White, R. Anti-tumor Effects of Genistein Combined Polysaccharide (GCP) and Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC). Translated. Biotherapy 2001;15(3):379-382.

Zhang, X. H., Nishioka, H., and Fujii, H. Inhibitory Effect of AHCC and GCP on Upregulated CD133 and Nestin Expressions Induced by Norepinephrine in C6 Glioma Cells. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Chutaputthi, A. Pilot Study of AHCC on HBeAg Level in CHBeAg Positive Patients on Long Term Anti-viral Treatment. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Hisajima, T., Maruyama, N., Funakoshi, K., and Abe, S. Effect of AHCC on the Mucosal Immune System of the Mice with Intestinal Candidiasis. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Okumura, T., Matsumyia, M., Araki, Y., Matsuura, T., Kaibori, M., Kwon, A., Nishioka, H., Shigama, K., Nakamoto, D., Yoshigai, E., Hara, T., and Nishizawa, M. Effect of AHCC on the Induction of iNOS and Proinflammatory Cytokines in LPS-Treated Mice. Presented at the 18th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2010.

Sun, B., Wakame, K., Mukoda, T., Toyoshima, A., Kanazawa, T., and Kosuna, K. Preventive effects of AHCC on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in mice. Nautral Medicine 1997;51(4):310-315.

Tanaka, Y., Ohashi, S., Sato, K., Miki, H., Oishi, M., Tokuhara, K., Kaibori, M., Okumura, T., Nishizawa, M., and Kwon, A. H. Adenosine, a Hepato-protective Compound in AHCC. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Cao, Z., Lin, W., Chen, R., Chen, X., Liao, L., and Ou, J. The Preliminary Study of AHCC Freeze-dried Powder and AHCC Serum on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hepatoma Cell Line. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Hirooka, S., Yanagimoto, H., Satoi, S., Toyokawa, H., Yamamoto, T., Yui, R., Yamaki, S., Michiura, T., Inoue, K., and Kwon, A. Effect of Administration of AHCC in Rat with Subcutaneous Tumor of Pancreatic Cancer Cell. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Sula, J. Our Experience in Measuring the Increased Activity of Properdin in Patients with Cancer after Using AHCC for Six Months. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Haidari, M., Zhang, W., Chen, Z., Ganjehei, L., Mortazavi, A., and Dixon, R. AHCC Attenuates Cytokine-induced Attachment of invasive Cancer Cells to Endothelial Cells. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Miyaji, T., Hangai, S., Kawaguchi, T., Kogure, Y., and Yamaguchi, T. Exploratory Clinical Research on Active Hexose Correlated Compound in the Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Matsui, Y. and Kamiyama, Y. Retrospective study in breast cancer patients supplemented with AHCC. International Journal of Integrative Oncology 2009;3(2):12-16.

Ishizuka, R., Fujii, H., Miura, T., Fukuchi, Y., and Tajima, K. Review of Cancer Therapy with AHCC® and GCP®; The Long-Term Follow-Up over 12 Years for Stage IV (M1) Cancer of the Lung and the Breast. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2010;2(1):98-111.

Ishizuka, R., Fujii, H., Miura, T., Fukuchi, Y., and Tajima, K. Personalized Cancer Therapy with AHCC and GCP; The Long-term Follow-u.p over 16 Years for Stage IV (Ml) of Non-Small Cell Lu.ng Cancer (NSCLC). Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Ishizuka, R., Fujii, H., Miura, T., Fukuchi, Y., and Tajima, K. Therapeutic Gaps between the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) andCancer Patients in the Advanced Stage or Recurrence:Review of Cancer Therapy with AHCC and GCP under Individual EBMfrom the Long-Term Follow-up over 11 Years for Cancer of the Lung and the Brea. Presented at the 17th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2009.

Haidari, M., Zhang, W., Chen, Z., Ganjehei, L., Mortazavi, A., and Dixon, R. AHCC Protects Endothelial Cells against Disruption of Adherens Junction by Pro-inflammatory Stimuli [General Lecture]. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Sasaki, S., Okawa, H., and Nishioka, H. Activation of Macrophages and Lymphocytes by AHCC-containing Liquid Product. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Bold-Erdene, A., Baatamum, A., and Jigjidsuren, C. Efficacy of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at National Cancer Center of Mongolia. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Szalus, N. and Budlewski, T. AHCC's Impact on the Immunological System and Adverse Effects in Patients with Disseminated Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) Treated with Radioisotope Preparation (90Y-DOTA-TATE). Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Hirata, S., Takanari, J., and Wakame, K. Evaluation of AHCC for Quality of Life (QOL) as Integrative Medicine during Treatment of Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Urushima, H., Matsumoto, M., Hayashi, N., Maeda, K., Tamaki, Y., Noguchi, S., and Ito, T. Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial (RCT) of AHCC for the Reduction of Side Effects in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy. Presented at the 19th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2011.

Fuller, R. and Kenyon, J. A Review of AHCC and 1-3/1-613 Glucan on Natural Killer Cell Activity in a Series of Cancer Patients. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Tolentino, R., Lola, C., Santos, C., Homma, K., and de Villa, R. AHCC Effects in Breast Cancer Prevention, Screening, Diagnosis and Management. Presented at the 20th International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine (ICNIM) 2012.

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) - A Prohibited Class of Anabolic Agents. U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, November 18, 2015. https://www.usada.org/selective-androgen-receptor-modulators-sarms-prohibited-class-anabolic-agencts/. Accessed: August 30, 2017.

Kim H, Kim JH, Im JA. Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in alcohol-induced liver enzyme elevation. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2014;60(5):348-56.